CV Drugs Flashcards
Diuretics MOA `
Alter excretion or reabsorption of electrolytes in kidney
Diuretics uses
edema with HF, cirrhosis, estrogen therapy; hypertension, renal disease, cerebral edema, glaucoma, seizures
Diuretics SE
dizzy, headache, orthostatic hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, glycosuria, anorexia
Diuretics CI
electrolyte imbalance, severe kidney/liver disease, anuria
Diuretics caution
renal dysfunction, preg/lact
Diuretics interact
primidone, cisplatin, aminoglycoside, anticoagulants, NSAID, salicylates, hydantoins, ACE inhibitors, allopurinol, anesthetics
Loop diuretics ex
bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, torsemide
K-sparing diuretics ex
amiloride, spironolactone, triamterene
Thiazide diuretics ex
-thiazide, chlorthalidone, indipamide, metolazone
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (diuretics) ex
acetazolamide, methazolamide
osmotic diuretics ex
glycerin, isosorbide, mannitol, urea
statins uses
hyperlipidemia, primary prevention of coronary events, secondary prevention of cv events
statins SE
headache, dizzy, insomnia, memory impairment, flatulence, abdominal pain, hyperglycemia
statins CI
preg/lact
statins cautions
alcoholism, acute infection, hypotension, trauma, endocrine disorder, visual disturbance, myopathy
statins interact
macrolides, amiodarone, niacin, protease inhibitor, verapamil, warfarin
PCSK9 inhibitors ex
alirocumab, evolocumab (new drugs)
Bile acid resins uses
hyperlipidemia, gallstone dissolution, pruritus with partial biliary obstruction
bile acid resins SE
constipation, increased bleeding tendencies
bile acid resins CI
complete biliary obstruction
bile acid resins precautions
diabetes, peptic ulcer, preg/lact
bile acid resins interact
anticoagulants, thyroid hormone, vitamins KADE
bile acid resins ex
cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam
fibrates ex
fenofibrate, gemfibrozil
fibrates use
hyperlipidemia
fibrates SE
gallbladder stones, inflammation of gallbladder
fibrates CI
severe renal/hepatic disease, primary biliary cirrhosis
fibrates precautions
preg/lact
fibrates interact
anticoagulants, cyclosporine, statins, sulfonylureas
niacin/ezetimibe use
adjunct antihyperlipidemics
niacin/ezetimibe SE
abdominal pain, flushing, itching
niacin/ezetimibe CI
peptic ulcer, hepatic dysfunction, arterial bleeding
niacin/ezetimibe precautions
renal disease, alcohol, angina, gout, preg/lact
antihypertensive types
diuretics, beta blockers, anti adrenergics, CCBs, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, vasodilators
antihypertensive antiadrenergics ex
clonidine, methyldopa, doxazosin, prazosin
CCBs ex
-dipine, verapmil, dilitiazem
ACE inhibitors ex
-pril
ARBs ex
-sartan
antihypertensive vasodilators ex
hydralazine, minoxidil
antihypertensives SE `
dizzy, URI, cough, abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, rash, tachycardia, hypotension, proteinuria, neutropenia
ACE inhibitors uses
hypertension, heart failure
ACE inhibitors CI
renal disease, salt/volume depletion, bilateral stenosis, angioedema, preg/lact
ACE inhibitors precautions
diuretics, sodium depletion, hypovolemia, coronary/cerebrovascular insufficiency, dialysis
ARBs CI
renal disease, salt/volume depletion, bilateral stenosis, angioedema, preg/lact
ARBs uses
hypertension, heart failure
ARBs precautions
hypovolemia, diuretics
Beta blockers uses
hypertension, heart failure
CCBs uses
hypertension, angina
CCBs precautions
HF, preg/lact
CCBs interact
cimetidine, ranitidine, theophylline, digoxin, rifampin
CCBs SE
no serious ones
ARBs interact
fluconazole, indomethacin
ACE inhibitors interact
NSAID, rifampin, allopurinol, digoxin, loop diuretics, lithium, hypoglycemics, potassium-sparing diuretics
Nitrates MOA
vasodilation
nitrates uses
treat, prevent, and relieve pain from angina
nitrates SE
headache, dizzy, restless, rash, flushing, hypotension
nitrates CI
severe anemia, closed-angle glaucoma, postural hypertension, MI, head trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, constrictive pericarditis
nitrates precautions
severe head trauma, hypothyroidism, preg/lact
nitrates interact
aspirin, CCBs, dihydroergotamine, heparin, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, alcohol
nitrates ex
isosorbide, nitroglycerin
Misc antianginal drugs
ivabradine, ranolazine
anticoagulants ex
warfarin, heparin
anticoagulants uses
preventing and treating DVT, atrial fibrillation with clots, PE, treating MI, preventing clots in surgery
anticoagulants SE
abdominal pain, alopecia, rash, hepatitis, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, blood dyscrasias
anticoagulants CI
active bleeding, hemorrhagic disease, TB, leukemia, hypotension, GI ulcers, recent eye or CNS surgery, aneurysm, severe renal/hepatic disease, preg/lact
anticoagulants precautions
fever, HF, diarrhea, diabetes, malignancy, hypertension, psychoses, depression
anticoagulants interact
NSAIDs, aspirin, acetaminophen, penicillin, GNATs, isoniazid, tetracycline, cephalosporins, beta blockers, loop diuretics, disulfiram, cimetidine, contraceptives, barbiturates, diuretics
antiplatelets MOA
decrease platelet aggregation
antiplatelets uses
people at risk for acute coronary syndrome, MI, stroke, intermittent claudication
antiplatelets SE
palpitations, bleeding, dizzy, headache, constipation, dyspepsia
antiplatelets CI
preg/lact, CHF, active bleeding, TTP
antiplatelets precautions
elderly, pancytopenia
antiplatelets interactions
aspirin, NSAID, macrolides, digoxin, phenytoin
antiplatelets ex
abciximab, anagrelide, cilostazol, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, eptifibatide, prasugrel, ticagrelor, ticolpidine, tirofiban, vorapaxar
thrombolytics ex
alteplase, tenecteplase, reteplase
thrombolytics MOA
break down existing fibrin clots
thrombolytics uses
acute stroke or MI by lysis of blood clots in coronary arteries, PE, DVT, occlusion in central venous catheters
thrombolytics SE
bleeding (internal or external)
thrombolytics CI
active bleeding, stroke history, aneurysm, recent intracranial surgery
thrombolytics precautions
recent major surgeries, recent stroke, trauma, labor, GI bleeding, hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, anticoagulants
thrombolytics interactions
aspirin, dipyridamole, anticoagulants
Cardiotonics ex
digoxin, ivabradine, milrinone
cardiotonics MOA
positive inotropic activity
cardiotonics uses
heart failure, atrial fibrillation
cardiotonics SE
headache, weakness, drowsy, visual disturbance, arrhythmia, anorexia
cardiotonics CI
ventricular failure, ventricular tachycardia, cardiac tamponade, restrictive cardiomyopathy, AV block
cardiotonics precautions
electrolyte imbalance, thyroid disorder, severe carditis, heart block, MI, severe pulmonary disease, acute glomerulonephritis, preg/lact
cardiotonics interactions
thyroid hormones, loop/thiazide diuretics, amiodarone, benzodiazepines, indomethacin, itraconazole, macrolides, propafenone, quinidine, spironolactone, tetracycline, verapamil, aminoglycosides, antacids, antineoplastics, charcoal, cholestyramine, colestipol, neomycin, rifampin
class 1 antiarrhythmics ex
Na channel blockers: disopyramide, flecainide, lidocaine, mexiletine, propafenone, quinidine
class 2 antiarrhythmics ex
beta blockers: acebutolol, propanolol
class 3 antiarrhythmics ex
K channel blockers: amiodarone, dofetilide, dronedarone, ibutilide, sotalol
class 4 antiarrhythmics ex
CCBs: verapamil
class 5 antiarrhythmics ex
misc: adenosine, digoxin, magnesium sulfate
antiarrhythmics MOA
treat conduction problems
antiarrhythmics uses
PVCs, ventricular tachycardia, PACs, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, Atrial fibrillation or flutter, tachycardia when you want rapid, short term control
antiarrhythmics SE
weak/lightheaded, somnolence, hypotension, arrhythmia, bradycardia, urinary retention, inflammation
antiarrhythmics CI
preg/lact, 2nd/3rd degree AV block, severe HF, aortic stenosis, hypotension, cardiogenic shock, myasthenia gravis, lupus
antiarrhythmics precautions
electrolyte disturbance, HF
antiarrhythmics interactions
grapefruit