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HOSA Pharmacology simplified > CV Drugs > Flashcards

CV Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Diuretics MOA `

A

Alter excretion or reabsorption of electrolytes in kidney

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2
Q

Diuretics uses

A

edema with HF, cirrhosis, estrogen therapy; hypertension, renal disease, cerebral edema, glaucoma, seizures

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3
Q

Diuretics SE

A

dizzy, headache, orthostatic hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, glycosuria, anorexia

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4
Q

Diuretics CI

A

electrolyte imbalance, severe kidney/liver disease, anuria

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5
Q

Diuretics caution

A

renal dysfunction, preg/lact

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6
Q

Diuretics interact

A

primidone, cisplatin, aminoglycoside, anticoagulants, NSAID, salicylates, hydantoins, ACE inhibitors, allopurinol, anesthetics

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7
Q

Loop diuretics ex

A

bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, torsemide

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8
Q

K-sparing diuretics ex

A

amiloride, spironolactone, triamterene

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9
Q

Thiazide diuretics ex

A

-thiazide, chlorthalidone, indipamide, metolazone

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10
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (diuretics) ex

A

acetazolamide, methazolamide

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11
Q

osmotic diuretics ex

A

glycerin, isosorbide, mannitol, urea

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12
Q

statins uses

A

hyperlipidemia, primary prevention of coronary events, secondary prevention of cv events

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13
Q

statins SE

A

headache, dizzy, insomnia, memory impairment, flatulence, abdominal pain, hyperglycemia

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14
Q

statins CI

A

preg/lact

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15
Q

statins cautions

A

alcoholism, acute infection, hypotension, trauma, endocrine disorder, visual disturbance, myopathy

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16
Q

statins interact

A

macrolides, amiodarone, niacin, protease inhibitor, verapamil, warfarin

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17
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors ex

A

alirocumab, evolocumab (new drugs)

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18
Q

Bile acid resins uses

A

hyperlipidemia, gallstone dissolution, pruritus with partial biliary obstruction

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19
Q

bile acid resins SE

A

constipation, increased bleeding tendencies

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20
Q

bile acid resins CI

A

complete biliary obstruction

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21
Q

bile acid resins precautions

A

diabetes, peptic ulcer, preg/lact

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22
Q

bile acid resins interact

A

anticoagulants, thyroid hormone, vitamins KADE

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23
Q

bile acid resins ex

A

cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam

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24
Q

fibrates ex

A

fenofibrate, gemfibrozil

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25
Q

fibrates use

A

hyperlipidemia

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26
Q

fibrates SE

A

gallbladder stones, inflammation of gallbladder

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27
Q

fibrates CI

A

severe renal/hepatic disease, primary biliary cirrhosis

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28
Q

fibrates precautions

A

preg/lact

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29
Q

fibrates interact

A

anticoagulants, cyclosporine, statins, sulfonylureas

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30
Q

niacin/ezetimibe use

A

adjunct antihyperlipidemics

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31
Q

niacin/ezetimibe SE

A

abdominal pain, flushing, itching

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32
Q

niacin/ezetimibe CI

A

peptic ulcer, hepatic dysfunction, arterial bleeding

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33
Q

niacin/ezetimibe precautions

A

renal disease, alcohol, angina, gout, preg/lact

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34
Q

antihypertensive types

A

diuretics, beta blockers, anti adrenergics, CCBs, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, vasodilators

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35
Q

antihypertensive antiadrenergics ex

A

clonidine, methyldopa, doxazosin, prazosin

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36
Q

CCBs ex

A

-dipine, verapmil, dilitiazem

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37
Q

ACE inhibitors ex

A

-pril

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38
Q

ARBs ex

A

-sartan

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39
Q

antihypertensive vasodilators ex

A

hydralazine, minoxidil

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40
Q

antihypertensives SE `

A

dizzy, URI, cough, abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, rash, tachycardia, hypotension, proteinuria, neutropenia

41
Q

ACE inhibitors uses

A

hypertension, heart failure

42
Q

ACE inhibitors CI

A

renal disease, salt/volume depletion, bilateral stenosis, angioedema, preg/lact

43
Q

ACE inhibitors precautions

A

diuretics, sodium depletion, hypovolemia, coronary/cerebrovascular insufficiency, dialysis

44
Q

ARBs CI

A

renal disease, salt/volume depletion, bilateral stenosis, angioedema, preg/lact

45
Q

ARBs uses

A

hypertension, heart failure

46
Q

ARBs precautions

A

hypovolemia, diuretics

47
Q

Beta blockers uses

A

hypertension, heart failure

48
Q

CCBs uses

A

hypertension, angina

49
Q

CCBs precautions

A

HF, preg/lact

50
Q

CCBs interact

A

cimetidine, ranitidine, theophylline, digoxin, rifampin

51
Q

CCBs SE

A

no serious ones

52
Q

ARBs interact

A

fluconazole, indomethacin

53
Q

ACE inhibitors interact

A

NSAID, rifampin, allopurinol, digoxin, loop diuretics, lithium, hypoglycemics, potassium-sparing diuretics

54
Q

Nitrates MOA

A

vasodilation

55
Q

nitrates uses

A

treat, prevent, and relieve pain from angina

56
Q

nitrates SE

A

headache, dizzy, restless, rash, flushing, hypotension

57
Q

nitrates CI

A

severe anemia, closed-angle glaucoma, postural hypertension, MI, head trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, constrictive pericarditis

58
Q

nitrates precautions

A

severe head trauma, hypothyroidism, preg/lact

59
Q

nitrates interact

A

aspirin, CCBs, dihydroergotamine, heparin, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, alcohol

60
Q

nitrates ex

A

isosorbide, nitroglycerin

61
Q

Misc antianginal drugs

A

ivabradine, ranolazine

62
Q

anticoagulants ex

A

warfarin, heparin

63
Q

anticoagulants uses

A

preventing and treating DVT, atrial fibrillation with clots, PE, treating MI, preventing clots in surgery

64
Q

anticoagulants SE

A

abdominal pain, alopecia, rash, hepatitis, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, blood dyscrasias

65
Q

anticoagulants CI

A

active bleeding, hemorrhagic disease, TB, leukemia, hypotension, GI ulcers, recent eye or CNS surgery, aneurysm, severe renal/hepatic disease, preg/lact

66
Q

anticoagulants precautions

A

fever, HF, diarrhea, diabetes, malignancy, hypertension, psychoses, depression

67
Q

anticoagulants interact

A

NSAIDs, aspirin, acetaminophen, penicillin, GNATs, isoniazid, tetracycline, cephalosporins, beta blockers, loop diuretics, disulfiram, cimetidine, contraceptives, barbiturates, diuretics

68
Q

antiplatelets MOA

A

decrease platelet aggregation

69
Q

antiplatelets uses

A

people at risk for acute coronary syndrome, MI, stroke, intermittent claudication

70
Q

antiplatelets SE

A

palpitations, bleeding, dizzy, headache, constipation, dyspepsia

71
Q

antiplatelets CI

A

preg/lact, CHF, active bleeding, TTP

72
Q

antiplatelets precautions

A

elderly, pancytopenia

73
Q

antiplatelets interactions

A

aspirin, NSAID, macrolides, digoxin, phenytoin

74
Q

antiplatelets ex

A

abciximab, anagrelide, cilostazol, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, eptifibatide, prasugrel, ticagrelor, ticolpidine, tirofiban, vorapaxar

75
Q

thrombolytics ex

A

alteplase, tenecteplase, reteplase

76
Q

thrombolytics MOA

A

break down existing fibrin clots

77
Q

thrombolytics uses

A

acute stroke or MI by lysis of blood clots in coronary arteries, PE, DVT, occlusion in central venous catheters

78
Q

thrombolytics SE

A

bleeding (internal or external)

79
Q

thrombolytics CI

A

active bleeding, stroke history, aneurysm, recent intracranial surgery

80
Q

thrombolytics precautions

A

recent major surgeries, recent stroke, trauma, labor, GI bleeding, hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, anticoagulants

81
Q

thrombolytics interactions

A

aspirin, dipyridamole, anticoagulants

82
Q

Cardiotonics ex

A

digoxin, ivabradine, milrinone

83
Q

cardiotonics MOA

A

positive inotropic activity

84
Q

cardiotonics uses

A

heart failure, atrial fibrillation

85
Q

cardiotonics SE

A

headache, weakness, drowsy, visual disturbance, arrhythmia, anorexia

86
Q

cardiotonics CI

A

ventricular failure, ventricular tachycardia, cardiac tamponade, restrictive cardiomyopathy, AV block

87
Q

cardiotonics precautions

A

electrolyte imbalance, thyroid disorder, severe carditis, heart block, MI, severe pulmonary disease, acute glomerulonephritis, preg/lact

88
Q

cardiotonics interactions

A

thyroid hormones, loop/thiazide diuretics, amiodarone, benzodiazepines, indomethacin, itraconazole, macrolides, propafenone, quinidine, spironolactone, tetracycline, verapamil, aminoglycosides, antacids, antineoplastics, charcoal, cholestyramine, colestipol, neomycin, rifampin

89
Q

class 1 antiarrhythmics ex

A

Na channel blockers: disopyramide, flecainide, lidocaine, mexiletine, propafenone, quinidine

90
Q

class 2 antiarrhythmics ex

A

beta blockers: acebutolol, propanolol

91
Q

class 3 antiarrhythmics ex

A

K channel blockers: amiodarone, dofetilide, dronedarone, ibutilide, sotalol

92
Q

class 4 antiarrhythmics ex

A

CCBs: verapamil

93
Q

class 5 antiarrhythmics ex

A

misc: adenosine, digoxin, magnesium sulfate

94
Q

antiarrhythmics MOA

A

treat conduction problems

95
Q

antiarrhythmics uses

A

PVCs, ventricular tachycardia, PACs, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, Atrial fibrillation or flutter, tachycardia when you want rapid, short term control

96
Q

antiarrhythmics SE

A

weak/lightheaded, somnolence, hypotension, arrhythmia, bradycardia, urinary retention, inflammation

97
Q

antiarrhythmics CI

A

preg/lact, 2nd/3rd degree AV block, severe HF, aortic stenosis, hypotension, cardiogenic shock, myasthenia gravis, lupus

98
Q

antiarrhythmics precautions

A

electrolyte disturbance, HF

99
Q

antiarrhythmics interactions

A

grapefruit

HOSA Pharmacology simplified (6 decks)

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