Curves of the spine Flashcards
What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult cervical curve
1) Certers for vision + Equlibrium
2) Musculature attaching to skull, cervical +throacic region
3) The head is held upright
4) Intervertebral disc height becomes greater anterior than posterior
What is the time during which the “adult” cervical curve is said to appear
Within the first year after birth
What is the traditional time of appearance of the cervical curve said to be
During the last trimester in utero
What is the earliest time of appearance of the cervical curves
The third fetal month
What segmental levels form the lumber curve
T12 to L5
What segmental levels form the cervical and lumbar curve
C2-T1
What are the names of the
anterior curves
secondary curves
compensatory curves
Cervical curve
Lumbar curve
What are the names given to curves that form during development to reverse the direction of regions along the vertebral column
Anterior curve
secondary curve
compensatory curves
What are the adult remnants of the primary curve along the vertebral column
The thoracic curve
sacrococcygeal curve
Why is the posterior curve also called the primary curve
It is the first curve to appear embryologically
What embryonic event causes the direction of the posterior curve of the vertebral column
The embryonic disc will undergo flexion in a cranial to caudal direction
At what age will the infant begin to hold the head erect
Usually between the third and fourth month after birth
What is the name given to the integration of visual and motor pathways associated with holding the head erect
The righting reflex
What is the location for the apex of the cervical curve
Typically between C4 and C5
What is the location for the cervical kyphosis
Between occiput and C1
What is the vertebral relationship between the cervical curve and the cervical enlargement
Cervical curve C2-T1; Cervical enlargement C3-T1
What is the time of appearance of the lumbar curve
Between 12 and 18 months after birth
What infant activities are associated with the development of the lumbar curve
Crawling and walking
What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult lumbar curve
1) Crawling - abdomen in tension, pull lumbar down
2) Muscle development promoted to compensate swayback
3) I.V disc height will become greater anterior
4) Walking will promote muscle + disc development
Which sense is a requirement for holding the head erect, standing, sitting and walking
Vision
What is the gender bias associated with lumbar curve convexity
Females have a greater convexity of the lumbar curve
What is the vertebral relationship between the lumbar curve and the lumbar enlargement
Lumbar curve T12-L5
Lumbar enlargement T9-T12
What is the formation of the lateral curve often correlated with
Faster development of the muscles on the side of handedness
What is the time of appearance of the lateral curves
They appear after 6 years old
Which lateral curves are best developed
Thoracic or dorsal and lumbar
What is the relationship between curve direction and handedness
A right handed person has a high probability for a tight thoracic, left lumbar curve combination
What is the incidence of a right thoracic, left lumbar curve combination in the population
About 80% of the population demonstrates this
What names are given to conditions associated with abnormal curves of the vertebral column
Lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis
What is the definition of Lordosis
Forward bending
What is the definition of kyphosis
Humpback/hunchback condition
What is the definition of scoliosis
a warped or crooked condition
What is the direction of the curve deviation in lordosis
to the anterior
What is the direction of the curve deviation in kyphosis
To the posterior
What clinical examples of abnormal curvatures along the vertebral column were stressed in class
Military neck
Humpback/hunchback
swayback
What are the curve classifications for military neck
Kyphosis or hypolodotic
What are the curve classifications for humback or hunchback
Kyphosis or hyperkyphotic curve
What are the curve classifications for swayback
a lordosis or hyperlordotic curve
What is the more complete, accepted definition of scoliosis
An abnormal lateral curve coupled with axial rotation
What are the classification of scoliosis according to the scoliosis research society
Magnitude, location, direction, etiology, structural scoliosis and non-structural scoliosis
