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Spinal exam 2 > Curves of the spine > Flashcards

Curves of the spine Flashcards

1
Q

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult cervical curve

A

1) Certers for vision + Equlibrium
2) Musculature attaching to skull, cervical +throacic region
3) The head is held upright
4) Intervertebral disc height becomes greater anterior than posterior

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2
Q

What is the time during which the “adult” cervical curve is said to appear

A

Within the first year after birth

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3
Q

What is the traditional time of appearance of the cervical curve said to be

A

During the last trimester in utero

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4
Q

What is the earliest time of appearance of the cervical curves

A

The third fetal month

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5
Q

What segmental levels form the lumber curve

A

T12 to L5

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6
Q

What segmental levels form the cervical and lumbar curve

A

C2-T1

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7
Q

What are the names of the
anterior curves
secondary curves
compensatory curves

A

Cervical curve

Lumbar curve

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8
Q

What are the names given to curves that form during development to reverse the direction of regions along the vertebral column

A

Anterior curve
secondary curve
compensatory curves

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9
Q

What are the adult remnants of the primary curve along the vertebral column

A

The thoracic curve

sacrococcygeal curve

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10
Q

Why is the posterior curve also called the primary curve

A

It is the first curve to appear embryologically

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11
Q

What embryonic event causes the direction of the posterior curve of the vertebral column

A

The embryonic disc will undergo flexion in a cranial to caudal direction

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12
Q

At what age will the infant begin to hold the head erect

A

Usually between the third and fourth month after birth

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13
Q

What is the name given to the integration of visual and motor pathways associated with holding the head erect

A

The righting reflex

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14
Q

What is the location for the apex of the cervical curve

A

Typically between C4 and C5

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15
Q

What is the location for the cervical kyphosis

A

Between occiput and C1

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16
Q

What is the vertebral relationship between the cervical curve and the cervical enlargement

A

Cervical curve C2-T1; Cervical enlargement C3-T1

17
Q

What is the time of appearance of the lumbar curve

A

Between 12 and 18 months after birth

18
Q

What infant activities are associated with the development of the lumbar curve

A

Crawling and walking

19
Q

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult lumbar curve

A

1) Crawling - abdomen in tension, pull lumbar down
2) Muscle development promoted to compensate swayback
3) I.V disc height will become greater anterior
4) Walking will promote muscle + disc development

20
Q

Which sense is a requirement for holding the head erect, standing, sitting and walking

A

Vision

21
Q

What is the gender bias associated with lumbar curve convexity

A

Females have a greater convexity of the lumbar curve

22
Q

What is the vertebral relationship between the lumbar curve and the lumbar enlargement

A

Lumbar curve T12-L5

Lumbar enlargement T9-T12

23
Q

What is the formation of the lateral curve often correlated with

A

Faster development of the muscles on the side of handedness

24
Q

What is the time of appearance of the lateral curves

A

They appear after 6 years old

25
Q

Which lateral curves are best developed

A

Thoracic or dorsal and lumbar

26
Q

What is the relationship between curve direction and handedness

A

A right handed person has a high probability for a tight thoracic, left lumbar curve combination

27
Q

What is the incidence of a right thoracic, left lumbar curve combination in the population

A

About 80% of the population demonstrates this

28
Q

What names are given to conditions associated with abnormal curves of the vertebral column

A

Lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis

29
Q

What is the definition of Lordosis

A

Forward bending

30
Q

What is the definition of kyphosis

A

Humpback/hunchback condition

31
Q

What is the definition of scoliosis

A

a warped or crooked condition

32
Q

What is the direction of the curve deviation in lordosis

A

to the anterior

33
Q

What is the direction of the curve deviation in kyphosis

A

To the posterior

34
Q

What clinical examples of abnormal curvatures along the vertebral column were stressed in class

A

Military neck
Humpback/hunchback
swayback

35
Q

What are the curve classifications for military neck

A

Kyphosis or hypolodotic

36
Q

What are the curve classifications for humback or hunchback

A

Kyphosis or hyperkyphotic curve

37
Q

What are the curve classifications for swayback

A

a lordosis or hyperlordotic curve

38
Q

What is the more complete, accepted definition of scoliosis

A

An abnormal lateral curve coupled with axial rotation

39
Q

What are the classification of scoliosis according to the scoliosis research society

A

Magnitude, location, direction, etiology, structural scoliosis and non-structural scoliosis

Spinal exam 2 (22 decks)

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