Atypical cervical vertebrae: C2/axis/Epistropheus Flashcards
What names are given to C2
Axis or Epistropheus
What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2
The dens or odontoid process
How many joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2
5
What joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2
Facet of fovea dentis
Gorrve for transverse atlantal ligament
attachment sites for the alar ligaments
attachment site for the apical-dental ligament
Which joint classifications are represented at the odontoid process of C2
Fibrous syndesmosis joint
synovial pivot joint
What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dentis lies above the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed posterior
Kyphotic Dens
What joint surfaces are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2
Anterior lip
Posterior lip
right and left goorves and cancellous bone
How many joints are formed by the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2
5
What joint classifications are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2
Fibrous syndesmosis
modified synovial pivot joint
Cartilaginous symphysis
How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C2
ten
What joint classifications are present at the bertebral body of C2
Fibrous syndesmosis
synovial pivot
modified synovial saddle
cartilaginous symphysis
What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal above C2
Membrana tectoria
What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal below C2
Posterior longitudinal ligament
What lies on the upper surface of the pedicle of C2
The superior articular process
What is the location of the superior vertebral notch of C2
On the lamina-pedicle junction
What attaches to the lamina of C2
Obliquus capitis inferior muscle
posterior atlanto-axial ligament
ligamentum flavum
What is the appearance of the superior articular facets of C2
They are asymmetrical and slightly convex
What is the facet orientation of the superior articular facet of C2
Backward
upward
lateral
(BUL)
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of C2
Forward
Lateral
Down
(FoLD)
What is the classification of the zygaphphyseal joints of C2
synovial plane joint
Osseous parts of the typical cervical transverse process are present at C2
Costal element, posterior, tubercle and true transverse process
What is the gender variation for the transverse diameter of C2
Males: 57mm
Females: 55mm
What muscles attach to the transverse process at C2
Levator scapulae Middle scalene splenius cervicis longissimus cervicis intertransversarii
What muscles attach to the spinous process of C2
Rectus capitis posterior major obliquus capitis inferior spinalis cervicis semispinalis multifidus rotators interspinalis muscles
