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Spinal exam 2 > Atypical Cervical Vertebrae C1/Atlas > Flashcards

Atypical Cervical Vertebrae C1/Atlas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertbrae

A

Atlas

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2
Q

What features are lacking at C1

A

Vertebral body
pedicles
spinous process
intervertebral disc

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3
Q

What muscles attach to the anterior arch of C1

A

Longus coli

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4
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior atalnto-occipital ligament
Anterior atlanto-axial ligament

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5
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1

A

the Fovea dentis

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6
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1

A

They are elliptical
Closer togerther in front
Demonstrate elevation subdividing the facet surfaces into two separate surfaces

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7
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facets of C1

A

Backward, upward, medial (BUM)

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8
Q

What are the morphological caharateristics of the inferior articular facet of C1

A

Asymmetrical

Slightly concave or flattened

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9
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1

A

Backward, Medial, Downward (BMD)

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10
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1

A

Levator scapula
Splenius cervicis
rectus capitis anterior

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11
Q

What is thought to represent the pedicle at C1

A

The anterior arch

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12
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of c1

A

Tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

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13
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender

A

Males: 50mm
Females: 37mm

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14
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1

A

rectus capitis posterior minor muscles and ligamentum nuchae

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15
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1

A

The posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

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16
Q

Ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification

A

accessory bone

17
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed

A

about 7 years of age

18
Q

What may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin on the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

A

a partial ponticulus posticus or complete ponticulus posticus

19
Q

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus

A

Kimmerle’s anomaly

20
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus

A

Arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

21
Q

Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ehtnic population

A

All ethnic populations studies so far

22
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied

A

1%-41%

23
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with potinculus posticus

A

female

24
Q

What is the location of the zygapophysis relative to the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial intervertebral foramina

A

it forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases

25
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1

A

costal element
posterior tubercle
true transverse process

26
Q

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at C1

A

anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

27
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1

A 
Rectus capitis anterior,
 ractus captitis lateralis
Middle scalene
levator scapula
splenius cervicis
obliquus capitis superior
obliquus capitis inferior
Intertransversarii muscles
28
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura

A

Rectus capitis posterir minor
rectus capitis posterior major
obliquud capitis inferior

29
Q

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called

A

myodural bridges

30
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to

A

The lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

31
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed

A

the retrotransverse foramen

32
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen

A

the vertebral artery

a branch from the suboccipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

33
Q

Which of the ponticles of atlas is only observed in humans

A

Lateral bridges

34
Q

What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1

A

Vertebral artery
Vertebral venous plexus
postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

35
Q

What is the gender variation of measurements of the transverse diameter of C1

A

Males: 78mm
Females: 72mm

36
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender

A

little over 30mm for both males and females

37
Q

What joint classification are observed at C1

A

Fibrous Syndesmosis joint
Synovial ellipsoidal joint
Synovial pivot joint
Synovial plane joint

38
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1

A

five

39
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1

A

two superior articular facets
two inferior articular facets
fovea dentis

Spinal exam 2 (22 decks)

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