Cumulative SG for Final Flashcards
11 organ systems
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphoid, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive
4 types of tissue
epithelial, connective , muscle, and neural
Types of epithelial tissue
simple squamous (lining of the heart), stratified squamous (esophagus and rectum), simple cuboidal (glands), stratified cuboidal (lining of ducts), simple columnaar (lining of stomach and gallbladder), stratified columnar (pharynx, anus), psuedostratified ciliated columnar (lining of trachea), transitional (bladder)
Organization of body
organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cellular level, chemical or molecular levels, atoms
Body cavities
Ventral body cavity which is separated by the diaphragm into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. Pleural cavities have the lungs, pericardial cavity surrounds heart. abdominal cavity contians digestive organs and pelvic cavity has urinary bladder
4 abdominal quadrants
right and left (upper and lower) quadrants. RUQ has gallbladder, and the intestines; LUQ has the stomach and spleen; RLQ has the appendix and reproductive organs; LLQ has parts of both intestines and reproductive organs
Spongy vs. compact bone
Compact bone is relatively dense and solid while spongy bone forms an open network of struts and plates; spongy bone is better and resisting forces and stresses from multiple directions; compact bone tends to be on the outside of spongy bone
Structure of a long bone
the epiphysis is the top part and bottom part; next part is like the neck area (very small strip tho) just above or below the epiphysis and its called the metaphysis; the diaphysis is the whole middle part or the shaft of it (periosteum is the outer most layer of bone)
Bones in axial skeleton
Skull, thoracic cage (ribs), and vertebral column (sacrum, coccyx, vertebrae)
Bones in appendicular skeleton
Pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapula), upper limbs (arm bones and hand bones), pelvic girdle (ilium, ischium, and pubis), lower limbs (leg and feet bones)
4 areas of the spine
cervical (C1-C8), thoracic (T1-T12), lumbar (L1-L5), sacral (S1-S5), coccygeal (Co1)
Structure of cells
has a plasmalemma on the outside; nuclues on inside with ER wrapped around it; mitochondria scattered throughout; golgi appartus up at the top looks like lots of folds; micovilli on top/outside (finger like projections), and little ribosomes scatered throughout
Knee
hinge movement with monoaxial joint
hip
ball and socket joint;allows all combinations of movement
elbow
hinge joint with monoaxial movement
shoulder
ball and socket joint; allows all movements including rotation
vertebral column
zygophysial joints; anterior flexion, extension, lateral flexion ,and rotation are allowed
wrist
condylar joint that allows flexion,extension, adduction and abduction, and circumduction
3 types of muscle tissue
smooth, skeletal, and cardiac
Skeletal muscle
produces skeletal movement, supports soft tissues, helps maintain body temp, and maintain posture; (anything attached to bones - tibialis anterior)
Smooth muscle
moves food,urine, and reproductive secretions; controls respiratory passageways (found int respiratory organs and the walls of blood vessels)
Cardiac muscle
circulates blood and maintains blood pressure (found in the heart)
Agonist muscle action
prime mover; a muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a movement (i.e. biceps brachii producing flexion in elbow)
Antagonist muscle action
muscles whose actions oppose that of the agonist; if agonist does flexion, the antagonist does extension (i.e. triceps brachii producing extension in elbow)
Synergist muscle action
this muscle assists the prime mover in performing the action; (lat and the teres major working together)
Divisions of the NS
NS is either the PNS or the CNS; CNS is the brain and the spinal cord while the PNS has the Autonomic and Somatic and the Autonomic becomes the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic
Cranial nerves
olfactory (smell), optic (vision), oculomotor (motor eye movements), trochlear (motor eye movements), trigeminal (muscles of chewing) abducens (motor eye movements), facial (mixed), vestibulocochlear (balance and equilibrium; hearing), glossopharyngeal (mixed; tongue), vagus (mixed respiratory tract), spinal accessory (motor), and hypoglossal (motor tongue movements)
CSF
its the fluid bathing the external and internal surfaces of the CNS; secreted by choroid plexus; basically supports the brain
Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic NS
Parasympathetic is the rest and digest system; conserves energy; the sympathetic system is the fight or flight which stimulates metbolism, increases alertness and heart rate, and prepares body to deal with emergencies
Femoral triangle
inguinal ligament, sartorius muscle, and adductor longus muscle; it contains important nerves and arteries as well as the femoral pulse;
Major pulse points and their locations
Femoral (femoral triangle), brachial (antecubital fossa), radial (lateral wrist), dorsalis pedis (top of foot), tibialis post. (inside of ankle), and the carotid (side of neck by larynx and sternocleidomastoid)
Main arteries from ascending aorta
aortic arch which yields the brachiocephalic trunk (produces the right versions of the following arteries..)
, common carotid, and subclavian
Main arteries off of descending aorta
becomes the thoracic aorta
Major coronary arteries
right and left ones; left descending and left circumflex arteries
