Culture & Ethnicity

Question 1

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What a group of people have in common, but it changes over time

Includes the behaviors, arts, beliefs, values, customs, & life ways that get passed on from generation to generation

Consider this so we can provide ___-competent care to clients as nurses

Answer 1

Culture

culturally-

Question 2

The United States is a multicultural society

Increasing # of immigrants coming in

Answer 2

A lot of people from South and Central Americas that try to immigrate over the southern border

US is on track to become a majority-minority nation by 2024

* Meaning that no single group is going to have the majority share of the total population

Question 3

Bristol County, MA

White 80.2%

Asian 2.33%

Black/African American 4.72%

American Indian/Alaskan Native 0.26%

Foreign Born 23.1%

• Largest race living in poverty in Bristol County is whites at 41,000 followed by Hispanics at 14,000 people

Answer 3

Bristol County, MA cont’d

• Has highest incidence of smoking in MA
• 2nd highest incidence of obesity
• 3rd highest incidence of violent crimes

95% US citizens

3% uninsured

11.3% living in poverty (highest incidence among females 25-34 y.o.; 2nd/3rd rankings are females of middle adulthood age)

Question 4

Ethnicity, Race, and Religion

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Biological similarities

Is not an appearance-based finding

i. e. skin color, blood type, bone structure
- Can be a characteristic of an ethnic group; may have same biological similarities
- Can include white, black, American Indian, Alaskan Native, Asian, Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander

Answer 4

Race

Question 5

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System of beliefs

• Is typically about the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe
• Beliefs related to god/gods
  i. e. India ⇒ Buddhist/Muslim/Hindu

Answer 5

Religion

Question 6

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Based on a client’s country of origin

May include race but is not the same thing as race

i.e. Mexican-American, Columbian-American, Asian-American

Answer 6

Ethnicity

Question 7

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Many cultures

Describes groups, not individuals

i.e. the United States

Answer 7

Multicultural

Question 8

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When an individual identifies with two cultures

i.e. mother (Jewish) and father (Roman Catholic)

Can experience divided loyalties

Answer 8

Bicultural

Question 9

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Occurs when immigrants assume the characteristics of the new culture

A person accepts the new and their own cultures and beliefs

Adopting elements from each

Answer 9

Acculturation

Question 10

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Is learning to become a member of a society or group

Learning rules, roles, behaviors

Answer 10

Socialization

Question 11

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Is when new members (emigrants) gradually learn and take on the values, beliefs, and behaviors of the dominant culture

i.e. learning to speak the dominant language

Answer 11

Assimilation

Question 12

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Is thinking that your group is superior to others

i.e. cultural, ethnic, social, professional groups

Answer 12

Ethnocentrism

Question 13

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The group with the most authority or power to control values

Usually (but not always) the largest group

i.e. the healthcare system

Answer 13

Dominant culture

Question 14

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Are groups within a larger culture that have characteristics different from the dominant culture

i.e. nursing group

Answer 14

Subcultures

Question 15

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Are individuals who share race, religion, or ethnic heritage

Fewer members than the dominant group

Term that can infer inferiority and marginalization

Answer 15

Minority group

Question 16

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Are groups that are more likely to develop health problems and experience poorer outcomes because of things such as limited access to care, high risk behaviors, and multiple/cumulative stressors

Impactful things include; homelessness, mental illness, disabilities, being a young child or older adult

* We must focus on the strengths and resources of those we take care of

Answer 16

Vulnerable populations

Question 17

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Is a set of behaviors that one follows

Answer 17

Practices

Question 18

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Are something one accepts as true

Answer 18

Beliefs

Question 19

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Are principles or standards that have meaning or worth to someone

Answer 19

Values

Question 20

Values, Beliefs, and Practices

Don’t assume these; are individual to each person

Question 21

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Are the values, beliefs, and practices that are special or unique to a certain culture

Answer 21

Culture specifics

Question 22

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Are the values, beliefs, and practices that people from all cultures share

Answer 22

Culture universals

Question 23

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Is a symbol for remembering some of the culture specifics and is usually not negative

Answer 23

Archetype

Question 24

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Is an unsubstantiated belief that all people of a certain group are alike in many respects

Are often negative and can be inaccurate

Answer 24

Stereotype

Question 25

How Do Culture Specifics Affect Health? Communication - Verbal or non-verbal; exchange of information, beliefs, and feelings Space - The personal space/distance that is kept between people/persons Time Orientation - Past, present, future-oriented

Answer 25

How Do Culture Specifics Affect Health? cont'd Social Organization - Patriarchy or matriarchy; the family unit and bigger organizations Environmental Control - i.e. stoicism in Asian cultures Biological variations - Genetic/physiological differences - i.e. African Americans have a poorer response to certain categories of anti-hypertensive drugs than whites

Question 26

? Is the perception of the ability to plan activities to control nature or direct environmental factors

Answer 26

Environmental control

Question 27

The Culture of Healthcare 2 dominant culture systems 1. Indigenous 2. Professional

Answer 27

Indigenous - Folk medicine; traditional healing methods Professional - Run by those professionally educated and trained in their roles and responsibilities

Question 28

Health Illness Beliefs ? Supernatural forces dominate ? Need for harmony and balance between one and nature ? Dominant healthcare culture in the United States

Answer 28

Magico-religious (indigenous) Holistic belief Scientific/biomedical

Question 29

? Involve beliefs and practices that are followed when you are ill Knowledge of treatments passed down generation to generation by oral or written tradition i.e. room temperature ginger ale for a stomachache

Answer 29

Folk medicine

Question 30

Nursing as a Subculture (of the healthcare culture) \* Nurses value autonomy, caring, use of the nursing process, knowledge, and critical thinking A **cultural assessment review** is used to assess all remedies a client is using and to determine if any remedies pose a risk to their health \* Remember to respect and understand these practices

Question 31

Culturally Competent Care \_\_\_ - is our appreciation of the external signs of diversity \_\_\_ - involves our personal attitudes \_\_\_ - exists on a continuum from incompetent to competent

Answer 31

Cultural awareness Cultural sensitivity Cultural competence

Question 32

Culturally Competent Care cont'd The ANA Scope and Standards of Practice identifies that nurses should practice in a manner that's congruent with cultural diversity and inclusion to ensure a culturally congruent practice

Question 33

This figure illustrates ?

Answer 33

Purnell's Model for Cultural Competence

Question 34

? When we automatically provide culturally congruent care to our diverse group of clients

Answer 34

Unconsciously competent

Question 35

? When we learn about our client's culture and provide culturally specific interventions

Answer 35

Consciously competent

Question 36

? When you are aware you lack knowledge

Answer 36

Consciously incompetent

Question 37

? Is not being aware that you lack knowledge about another culture

Answer 37

Unconsciously incompetent

Question 38

? Is a lack of impartiality which leads to onesidedness Can be positive or negative

Answer 38

Bias

Question 39

? Is a negative attitude towards another person or people based on stereotypes; negative, untrue conotations

Answer 39

Prejudices

Question 40

? Is a form of prejudice and discrimination that's based on the belief that racial differences produce an inherent superiority or inferiority

Answer 40

Racism

Question 41

? Is the assumption of male superiority

Answer 41

chauvinism

Question 42

Prejudice can lead to ___ - the behavioral manifestation of prejudice

Answer 42

discrimination

Question 43

? Is the assumption that members of one gender are superior to those of another gender

Answer 43

Sexism

Question 44

Barriers to Culturally Competent Care Racism Emotion (fear, mistrust between clients/providers) Knowledge

Answer 44

Barriers to Culturally Competent Care cont'd Sexism Language barriers (use professional, qualified translators and interpreters)

Question 45

LIVE and LEARN L = ? I = ? V = ? E = ?

Answer 45

Like Inquire Visit Experience

Question 46

LIVE and LEARN cont'd L = ? E = ? A = ? R = ? N = ?

Answer 46

Listening Evaluating Acknowledging Recommending Negotiating