culture and gender in diagnosis Flashcards
culture and gender issues in diagnosis : culturally bound syndromes
a culturally bound syndrome is a disorder that is isolated to one culture usually diagnosis is exclusive to one country or region
culture and gender issues in diagnosis : issues with dsm and icd
icd is worldwide so should be less ethnocentric
dsm 5 updates criteria to reflect cross-cultural variations in presentation
culture and gender issues in diagnosis : the spiritual model
another way of viewing an illness other than the medical/biomedical model we usually use
it views illness or abnormality as coming from spirit possession to a spiritual world
culture and gender issues in diagnosis : ethnocentrism
ethnocentrism is using one’s own culture as the benchmark to judge the behaviour of other cultures
the predominant view in psychology has been white males usually from the usa therefore creating bias towards other groups
culture and gender issues in diagnosis : gender bias
there tends to be a gender bias in the amount of people diagnosed with the illness more women then men for example
men and women who have the same symptoms are sometimes diagnosed with different disorders
culture and gender issues in diagnosis : social norms
social norms are the perceived appropriate way for individuals to behave
how might social norms impact diagnosis
if you have a list of normal behaviours and did not change them depending on culture it would be less valid
how may you help reduce gender bias in diagnosis
reduce construct validity of diagnosis as bench mark may be inaccurate may expect symptoms that don’t apply to certain genders
how might ethnocentrism affect diagnosis
may expect to see certain symptoms in mental illnesses and may not apply to certain cultures
how might spiritual vs medical model be important for validity/reliability between cultures
low interrater reliability, low construct validity could be told you are sz in one culture and possessed in another
explain how the dsm shows/ignores cultural differences
in the dsm 4 revised there was an appendix with a list of cultural bound syndromes then dsm updated their criteria to reflect cross cultural variations
studies that show culture and gender is an issue in diagnosis 3
malgady - found theres a difference in interpretation of hearing voices between costa rica and usa - shows issue in culture and gender social norms
escobar and vega - the current version of dsm is still unsatisfactory in terms of cross cultural applicability - shows issue with ethnocentrism
studies that show culture and gender isn’t an issue in diagnosis 2
lin found sz around the world shares more symptoms than it differs in - its the same mostly - not an issue
lee showed that the dsm was valid in another culture - therefore not an issue
3 main ways to reduce culture and gender issues on diagnosis
- do not include symptoms that vary between cultures
- with disorders such as sz we diagnose based on first priority symptoms if we remove these this will reduce bias
- look at symptoms that are objectively measurable
