Cultural Diversity

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

How people define themselves, may include shared behavioural patterns learned and passed on from one generation to the next

Question 2

Define culture

Answer 2

The learned or shared knowledge, beliefs, traditions, customs, rules, art, history, folklore and institutions of a group of people used to interpret experiences and to generate social behaviour

Question 3

What are 2 misconceptions about culture?

Answer 3

• Culture is not reducible to ethnicity, race or religion

- Those of a particular culture are not homogeneous

Question 4

What is race?

Answer 4

-Group of people with similar skin and facial characteristics, based on biology

Question 5

What is ethnicity?

Answer 5

-Shared components of race, language, customs and religion, based on cultural characteristics

Question 6

What is diversity?

Answer 6

Refers to the range of differences among people

-Our identities can b defined by many things, including race, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation

Question 7

What ares some cultural issues associated with migration?

Answer 7

• Culture shock
• Downward social mobility
• Housing problems
• Lack of child care
• Language and literacy barriers

Question 8

What are some cultural issues associated with age?

Answer 8

• Different status of elderly in Canada

- Generations taking care of parents and children (stress)

Question 9

Why are cultural issues important in health care?

Answer 9

They can result in patient dissatisfaction, poor adherence, poorer health outcomes, and racial/ethnic disparities in care.

Question 10

What does prejudice limit?

Answer 10

-Our ability to be empathic, genuine and accepting

Question 11

What happens if we don’t have cultural diversity?

Answer 11

Our intervention could conflict with common beliefs or customs, and some groups remain vulnerable and this has a major impact on the counseling relationship

Question 12

What does culture influence?

Answer 12

• Health and disease experience
• Health and disease beliefs
• Expectation
• Behaviours
• Treatment outcomes

Question 13

A relationship exists between ______ and perception and response to pain

Answer 13

cultural affinity

Question 14

When may a HCP direct approach be viewed as respectful? Disrespectful?

Answer 14

• African Americans

- Native Americans

Question 15

What should be recognized about certain cultures?

Answer 15

• Honour spoken, rather than the written word
• Are very reserved and guard their feelings/privacy
• Have foods that are accepted, celebrated forbidden
• have culturally specific factors like eye contact, touching

Question 16

What is cultural competence?

Answer 16

Developing attitudes, sills an levels of awareness enabling the development of culturally appropriate, respectful and relevant interventions

Question 17

How can we develop cultural competence?

Answer 17

• Acquire a willingness to listen to an learn from members of diverse cultures
• Provide the provision of services and information in the appropriate language, context of cultural health beliefs/practices

Question 18

How can we use the ETHNIC model?

Answer 18

• Explanation
• Treatment
• Healers
• Negotiate
• Intervention
• Collaborate

Question 19

Explanation?

Answer 19

Ask the patient to explain problems

Question 20

Treatment?

Answer 20

Ask patient about medicine, home remedies or other tx considerations and expectations from the health care team

Question 21

Healers?

Answer 21

Ask about whether advice has been sought

Question 22

Negotiate?

Answer 22

Options that are mutually acceptable

Question 23

Intervention?

Answer 23

Determine intervention that may be acceptable

Question 24

Collaborate?

Answer 24

With the family and community with whom the client interacts

Question 25

What is the LEARN model?

Answer 25

• Listen with empathy to the patient
• Explain back to the patient your perception
• Acknowledge similarities and differences
• Recommend culturally sensitive options
• Negociate, and compromise with the patient

Question 26

What are some examples of culturally sensitive communication?

Answer 26

“What do you call your problem?”
“What do you feel may be causing your problem?”
“What do you fear most about your sickness?”

Question 27

What to all patients have rights to

Answer 27

Interpreters

Question 28

When working with an interpreter, how should we structure the beginning of the interview?

Answer 28

• Budget the time set-up, interpretation and debriefing
• Formally introduce yourself to interpreter and client
• Invite the interpreter to sit down next to client
• Instruct the client to look at PDt while interpreter is speaking

Question 29

When working with an interpreter, how should we structure the body of the interview?

Answer 29

• Use short and simple sentences
• Avoid jargon
• Ask 1 question at a time
• Speak directly to client in normal voice
• Ask time-out to clarify issues
• Watch for non-verbal communication

Question 30

How can we accommodate for wheelchair or mobility impairments?

Answer 30

• Arrange physical environment
• Position yourself at eye-level
• Ask before you help

Question 31

What is current language for those with mobility impairments?

Answer 31

• Wheelchair user
• Person who uses a wheelchair
• Person with limited mobility

Question 32

How can we accomodate for someone with visual impairments?

Answer 32

• Identify yourself
• Written documentation in very large font
• Describe your actions
• Have magnification devices
• Offer to read written information

Question 33

How can we accomodate for someone with audio impairments?

Answer 33

• Sign language, if needed
• Speak directly to patient not interpreter
• Face the individual (lip reading
• Amplification devices, speak clearly and rephrase