Cultural Diversity Flashcards
What is culture?
How people define themselves, may include shared behavioural patterns learned and passed on from one generation to the next
Define culture
The learned or shared knowledge, beliefs, traditions, customs, rules, art, history, folklore and institutions of a group of people used to interpret experiences and to generate social behaviour
What are 2 misconceptions about culture?
- Culture is not reducible to ethnicity, race or religion
- Those of a particular culture are not homogeneous
What is race?
-Group of people with similar skin and facial characteristics, based on biology
What is ethnicity?
-Shared components of race, language, customs and religion, based on cultural characteristics
What is diversity?
Refers to the range of differences among people
-Our identities can b defined by many things, including race, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation
What ares some cultural issues associated with migration?
- Culture shock
- Downward social mobility
- Housing problems
- Lack of child care
- Language and literacy barriers
What are some cultural issues associated with age?
- Different status of elderly in Canada
- Generations taking care of parents and children (stress)
Why are cultural issues important in health care?
They can result in patient dissatisfaction, poor adherence, poorer health outcomes, and racial/ethnic disparities in care.
What does prejudice limit?
-Our ability to be empathic, genuine and accepting
What happens if we don’t have cultural diversity?
Our intervention could conflict with common beliefs or customs, and some groups remain vulnerable and this has a major impact on the counseling relationship
What does culture influence?
- Health and disease experience
- Health and disease beliefs
- Expectation
- Behaviours
- Treatment outcomes
A relationship exists between ______ and perception and response to pain
cultural affinity
When may a HCP direct approach be viewed as respectful? Disrespectful?
- African Americans
- Native Americans
What should be recognized about certain cultures?
- Honour spoken, rather than the written word
- Are very reserved and guard their feelings/privacy
- Have foods that are accepted, celebrated forbidden
- have culturally specific factors like eye contact, touching
What is cultural competence?
Developing attitudes, sills an levels of awareness enabling the development of culturally appropriate, respectful and relevant interventions
How can we develop cultural competence?
- Acquire a willingness to listen to an learn from members of diverse cultures
- Provide the provision of services and information in the appropriate language, context of cultural health beliefs/practices
How can we use the ETHNIC model?
- Explanation
- Treatment
- Healers
- Negotiate
- Intervention
- Collaborate
Explanation?
Ask the patient to explain problems
Treatment?
Ask patient about medicine, home remedies or other tx considerations and expectations from the health care team
Healers?
Ask about whether advice has been sought
Negotiate?
Options that are mutually acceptable
Intervention?
Determine intervention that may be acceptable
Collaborate?
With the family and community with whom the client interacts
What is the LEARN model?
- Listen with empathy to the patient
- Explain back to the patient your perception
- Acknowledge similarities and differences
- Recommend culturally sensitive options
- Negociate, and compromise with the patient
What are some examples of culturally sensitive communication?
“What do you call your problem?”
“What do you feel may be causing your problem?”
“What do you fear most about your sickness?”
What to all patients have rights to
Interpreters
When working with an interpreter, how should we structure the beginning of the interview?
- Budget the time set-up, interpretation and debriefing
- Formally introduce yourself to interpreter and client
- Invite the interpreter to sit down next to client
- Instruct the client to look at PDt while interpreter is speaking
When working with an interpreter, how should we structure the body of the interview?
- Use short and simple sentences
- Avoid jargon
- Ask 1 question at a time
- Speak directly to client in normal voice
- Ask time-out to clarify issues
- Watch for non-verbal communication
How can we accommodate for wheelchair or mobility impairments?
- Arrange physical environment
- Position yourself at eye-level
- Ask before you help
What is current language for those with mobility impairments?
- Wheelchair user
- Person who uses a wheelchair
- Person with limited mobility
How can we accomodate for someone with visual impairments?
- Identify yourself
- Written documentation in very large font
- Describe your actions
- Have magnification devices
- Offer to read written information
How can we accomodate for someone with audio impairments?
- Sign language, if needed
- Speak directly to patient not interpreter
- Face the individual (lip reading
- Amplification devices, speak clearly and rephrase
