CT And Vascular

Question 1

Where do we hear AS on the chest?
What kind of murmur is it?
Diagnose?
Treat?

Answer 1

2nd intercostal space, right sternal border
Systolic, crescendo decresendo
Echo
Replace

Question 2

2 big cases of mitral regurgitation?
Kind of murmur?
Where is it heard best?
Diagnose?
Treat?

Answer 2

Infection and infarction (pap muscle or chodae tendinae)
Holosystolic
Apex of heart radiates to axilla
Echo
Replace

Question 3

3 causes of aortic regurgitation?
Kind of murmur?
Where do you heart it?
Diagnose?
Treatment?

Answer 3

Infection, infarction and dissection
Diastolic, blowing, decrescendo
4th ICS, left sternal border
Echo
Replace

Question 4

Cause of mitral stenosis?
Kind of murmur?
What two conditions can it cause and why?
Diagnose?
Treat?

Answer 4

Rheumatic heart dx
Diastolic, rumbling, Opening snap
CHF and A fib because atrium dilates because not filling ventricle 
Echo
Medical tx, balloon, replace

Question 5

2 big differences between organic and mechanical heart valves?

Answer 5

Organic don’t last as long but don’t need anticoagulation

Mechanical last longer but need anti

Question 6

What is the typical patient for PVD or CAD to remember?

Clinical symptom for PVD to remember?

Answer 6

Hypertensive, diabetic smoker with high cholesterol

Leg claudication

Question 7

3 steps to diagnose PVD?

Answer 7

ABI
US Doppler
CT angiogram

Question 8

How do you determine treatment of PVD?

Answer 8

If it will improve their lifestyle or medical management has failed, you can stent or bypass. Stent above the knee and small vessels. Bypass below the knee or larger vessels.

Question 9

What 6 things to consider for medical management for CAD or PVD?

Answer 9

HTN: bb and ace
Diabetes: get a1c below 7
Statin for cholesterol
Stop smoking
Exercise
Antiplatelet, so aspirin or clopidogrel