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Clinical Sciences and Investigative Medicine > CSIM 1.17 - Viruses and Rashes > Flashcards

CSIM 1.17 - Viruses and Rashes Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the basic features of maculopapular rashes?

A

Red
Possibly slightly raised
Can NOT diagnose on rash alone

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2
Q

Describe the basic features of vesicular rashes?

A

Fluid filled
More raised lesions (pustules)
Viral replication occurs WITHIN the rash lesions

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3
Q

Name five viruses that lead to maculopapular rashes?

A 
Measles
Rubella
Parvovirus B19
HHV 6
HHV7
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4
Q

Name three viruses that lead to vesicular rashes?

A

HSV
Varicella-zoster virus
Pox viruses

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5
Q

Describe the basic features of measles, mumps and rubella viruses?

A 
ALL single stranded RNA viruses
ALL enveloped
Measles and Mumps = Negative sense
Rubella = Positive sense
All spread via respiratory route
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6
Q

Which viral infection contains a statuary legal requirement to inform Public Health England?

A

Measles

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7
Q

What is the incubation period and generation time for measles?

A 
I.P = 10-14 days
G.T = 2-3 days before rash to 5 days after
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8
Q

What symptoms are commonly associated with measles?

A 
Fever + (3c's)
Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Maculopapular rash
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9
Q

Which is the differentiating diagnostic sign in a measles presentation?

A

Koplik spots found on buccal mucosa

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10
Q

What type of vaccine is the MMR vaccination?

A

Live attenuated

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11
Q

What is the incubation period for rubella?

A

14-21 days

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12
Q

What type of rash is common with rubella?

A

Maculopapular rash

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13
Q

What are the complications that can arise with rubella infections?

A

Arthralgia (high in women)

Congenital rubella syndrome (before 12 weeks gestation)

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14
Q

Describe the basic features of parvovirus B19?

A

Single stranded DNA
Non enveloped
Respiratory route spread

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15
Q

What is the incubation period for parvovirus B19?

A

14-21 days

Infectious 7 days before the rash however with rash onset NO longer infectious

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16
Q

Describe the complications that may arise with infections of parvovirus B19?

A

Patients with haemolytic disorders may have an aplastic crisis - No reserves of RBCs
Foetal hydrops syndrome in pregnancy

17
Q

Describe foetal hydrops and its treatment?

A

Parvovirus B19 destroys erythroid cell progenitors (foetal RBC have nucleus) leading to anaemia and heart tries to compensate leading to left ventricular failure - Fluid acumulates = pleural effusion and ascites
Treatment with foetal blood transfusion

18
Q

Describe the clinical features of human herpes virus 6 + 7?

A

Maculopapular rash
Roseola infantum
Complications - encephalitis

19
Q

Describe the basic features of enteroviruses and give three examples?

A 
Single stranded RNA
Non enveloped 
Maculopapular rash
Polio
Coxsackie
Echo virus

Clinical Sciences and Investigative Medicine (25 decks)

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