CSIM 1.12 - Introduction to Immunology 1 Flashcards
In an ‘idle’ state what is the function of a macrophage?
Clear up cellular debris
During phagocytosis the release of chemical messengers leads to what actions?
Increased blood flow = red + hot
Increased vascular permeability = swelling
Increased stimulation of local nerves = pain
Where are macrophages stationed?
Tissues
How do macrophages sense ‘invaders’?
Through receptors
What do pluripotent haematopoetic stem cells derive into?
Common lymphoid progenitor
Common myeloid progenitor
What do common lymphoid progenitor cells derive into?
B-cells
T-cells
NK-cells
Where do B-cells/T-cells/NK-cells migrate?
Lymph nodes
What do common myeloid progenitor cells derive into?
Granulocyte/macrophage progenitor
Megakaryocyte/Erythrocyte progenitor
What do granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells derive into?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Where do mast cells/macrophages migrate?
Tissues
Where are mature dendritic cells found?
Lymph nodes
Describe the function of neutrophils?
Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms
Expresses receptors for immunoglobulin and compliment and are involved in acute inflammatory responses
Describe the function of eosinophils?
Killing of antibody coated parasites
Carry receptors for IgE
Contribute to the responses of allergens
Describe the function of basophils?
Circulating counterpart of tissue mast cells
Express high affinity for IgE and once stimulated are responsible for immediate hypersensitivity following antigen induced aggregation of these receptors
Describe the function of mast cells?
Release of granules containing histamines and active agents
Describe the function of macrophages?
Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms
Describe the function of dendritic cells?
Antigen uptake in the peripheral sites, they ingest and destroy micro-organisms and present these antigens for T-cell recognition
How do bacterial envelope molecules recognise dendritic cells?
Myeloid receptor CD14 expressed on the dendritic cell
Where do T-lymphocytes arise?
Bone marrow (mature in the thymus)
Name the four types of T-cells?
CD4 - T-helper cell (MHC class II) CD8 - T-cytotoxic cell (MHC class II) CD17 - secretes IL7 - important in the defence of mucosa CD4 - T-regulatory cell - turns 'off' the immune response
Where is NK-cell activity highest?
Peripheral blood
Where are NK-cells found?
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Bone marrow
Which cell do follicular dendritic cells originate from?
Stromal cell development
Compliment is a series of proteins that lead to what?
Activation of inflammatory pathways Recruitment of phagocytes Opsinisation of pathogens Removal of immune complexes Lysis of certain pathogens (MAC)
Cytokines are proteins released by cells that lead to what?
Effect the behaviour of the cell that releases the cytokines (autocrine)
Effect the behaviour of adjacent cells (paracrine)
