CSF (Organelles) Flashcards
Endomembrane System
Work with PM to package, label, and ship molecules.
Nucleus, ER, Golgi, Lysosomes.
Phospholipids
Hydrophilic polar ends (phosphate) and hydrophobic lipid tails (fatty acid). Arranged in double layer around cytoplasm, tail-tail.
PM Proteins description
Control movement of hydrophilic substances. Amphipathic. Allow cell-cell identification and communication.
Cell-Cell recognition
Glycoproteins are used as ‘molecular signatures’ on the extra cellular side.
Attachment to Cytoskeleton and ECM
Eg. Fibronectin between cell surface integrins and ECM (eg. Collagen).
Can facilitate movement.
Nuclear Envelope
Double lipid bilayer surrounded by rough ER.
Nucleus function
Protect DNA, make RNA and ribosomes, pores regulate movement of substances, molecule segregation to allow temporal and spatial control of cell function.
Chromosomes condensing
DNA wrapped around histones (nucleosomes) collectively called chromatin. Cell division: chromatin fibre, loops, chromosomes.
Ribosomes
Made of rRNA, made in the nucleolus and leave through pores. Translation. Found free in cytoplasm (proteins for cytosol, non-endo,) or attached to rough ER (non-cytosol, endo).
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Proteins enter lumen for folding. ER membrane forms transport vesticles around proteins and sends them to golgi. Produces secreted/membrane/organelle proteins.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell / tissue specific. Housing unit for proteins and enzymes. Makes lipids. Stores cell specific proteins. Liver: houses enzymes for detox. & glucose release. Muscle: Ca ions.
Golgi
Stacked cisternae. Modify, sort, package and transport proteins from the rough ER using enzymes in each cristernae. Exocytosis.
Lysosomes
Digestive enzymes. Vesticles formed from Golgi membrane. Membrane proteins pump H+ for acidic pH. Digests substances, autophagy, autolysis. Once digested, building blocks are recycled.
Lysosomal Storage Disorder
Gaucher Metabolic Disorder - a lipid is poorly degraded resulting in severe phenotype.
Mitochondria
Membrane, cristae, matrix. ATP. Geonome for mitochondrial-specific products. ATP —-> ADP (transfer P)
Cytoskeleton
Support. Size, shape, integrity. Intercellular transportation and cell movement.
Microfilaments
Actin. Lines the interior of cell. Bear tension and weight by anchoring cytoskeleton to PM proteins. Promote amoeboid motility if need. Dynamic.
Intermediate Filaments
Range (eg. Keratin). Cytoplasm. Most permanent. Bear tension and weight - keep everything in place.
Microtubles
Tubular dimers coiled into tube. Extends from centriole to cytoplasm / nucleus. Supports cell size and shape. Guides, organised chromosomes, moves cilia/flagella. Dynamic.
What are cilia and flagella composed of?
Microtubles
Vesicles
Consists of liquid or cytoplasm, enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
Amoeboid motility
Movement of the cell, accomplished by protrusion of the cytoplasm. Can change shape and engulf if need.
Centriole
Corn-like organelles which make spindle fibres.
