Cells & Tissues (Connective) Flashcards
Elastic fibers
Stretchable but strong fibers made of proteins, elastin and glycoprotein fribrillin. Found in skin, blood vessels and lung tissue.
Apipocytes
Fat cells. Store fats. Are found below the skin and around organs (heart, kidney).
Eosinophils
WBC that migrate to sites of parasitic infection and allergic responses.
Reticular Fibres
Made of collagen and glycoproteins. Provide support in blood vessel walls and form branching networks around various cells (fat, smooth muscle, nerve).
(Made by fibroblasts). Part of the BM.
Fibroblasts
Large, flat cells that move through connective tissue and secrete fibers and GS.
Collagen Fibres description and location
Strong, flexible bundles of the protein collagen. Bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments.
Loose areolar connective tissue
3 Fibres, packing material.
Strength, Elasticity, Support.
Deep skin, papillary dermis, vessels, nerves, organs.
Loose reticular connective tissue
Storms of organs. Structural support, binds, filters.
Kidney, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow.
Loose adipose connective tissue description.
Contain apipocytes. Central triglyceride droplet. Found with areolar including fibroblasts.
Brown = heat production. White = ATP storage
Loose adipose connective tissue function and location.
Insulation, ATP, temp control.
Subaceous layer of skin, heart, kidneys, yellow marrow, joints padding, eye.
Dense regular connective tissue
Shiny white.
Fibroblasts in rows between collagen.
Slow healing, attachment.
Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses.
Dense elastic connective tissue.
Elastic and collagen Fibres.
Lungs, elastic arteries, respiratory system.
Irregular dense connective tissue
Collagen Fibres, fibroblasts. Less GS than loose connective tissue. Not arranged in parallel bundles. Dermis. Heart valves, tensile. Forms perichondrium in cartilage.
Hyaline cartilage description
Weak gel with Fibres.
Avascular.
Has costal and articular cartilage.
Chondrocytes found in lacunae surrounded by perichondrium.
Fibrocartilage
Chrondrocytes, collagen.
Lacks a perichondrium.
Strongest. Support and joining.
Hip bones, knee, intervertebral discs.
Elastic cartilage
Chrondrocytes in elastic Fibres network.
Larynx, ear, auditory tubes.
Strength, elasticity, maintaining structure.
Avascular.
Spongy bone
Inner bone tissue.
“Cancellous” bone.
Columns of trabeculae bone with red bone marrow inbetween.
Lacks osteons.
Where are osteons found in general?
Aligned along lines of stress.
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming
Osteogenic
Become osteoblasts.
Mesenchymal stem cells.
Osteoclasts
Large, multinucleated.
Break down bone.
Formed from fusion of blood monocytes.
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts trapped in ECM.
Gap junctions.
Maintain bone tissue, Exchange of nutrients and waste.
Lamellae (little plates)
Concentric rings of mineral salts and collagen.
Salt: hard, Collagen: strong.
Canaliculi
Cells (with EC fluid and minute osteocytic processes) that radiate from lacunae.
Provide routes for O2 and CO2, waste. To reach mature bone cells.
Central (Haversian) Canal
Blood, lymph, nerves.
Lacunae (little lakes)
Small spaces between lamellae.
Contains osteocytes.
Hyaline cartilage function and location
Flexibility, movement.
Ribs + respiratory system, growth plates, fetal skeleton.
What is in blood plasma?
Formed elements, water and dissolved stuff.
What is secreted by the cells in the ECM?
Protein Fibres
Dermatan location
Skin, vessels, tendons, heart.
Keratin location
Bone, cartilage, cornea.
Chondroitan location
Cartilage, bone, skin, vessels, heart valves.
Non-Sulphated (Hyaluronic Acid) GAGS
Joined to PGs but not bonded to core protein.
Binds cells, lubricates joints, maintains eyeball shape.
GAGS - Hyaluronidase enzyme
Produced by WBC, sperm, bacteria.
Breaks hyaluronic acid to make GS more liquid.
Plasma Cells
Made from B-cells. Make antibodies that attack / neutralise.
Gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, salivary glands, lymph nodes, spleen.
Macrophages (Histiocytes)
Phagocytic. Fixed or wandering.
Fixed: dust (lung), kupffer (liver), Langerhans (skin.)
Wandering: infection.
Leucocytes
WBC. Neutrophils, eosinphils. Migrate out from blood.
Mast cells
Release histomine, which dilates blood vessels. Bind to & kill bacteria.
Embryonic mucous
Fibroblasts in jelly GS. Fine collagen Fibres. Umbilical cord and foetus.
Embryonic mesenchyme
CT cells in semi-fluid GS with reticular Fibres.
