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A&P II > CS: Heart > Flashcards

CS: Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardium

A

layered, protective membrane around the heart

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2
Q

Serous Pericardium Layers (3)

A

Parietal
Pericardial
Visceral

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3
Q

Parietal Layer

A

deep to fibrous pericardium

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4
Q

Pericardial Layer

A

filled w/. lubricating serous fluid

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5
Q

Visceral Layer

A

adheres to the heart wall aka epicardium

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6
Q

The Heart Wall (3 parts)

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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7
Q

Epicardium

A

AKA visceral pericardium, reduces friction

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8
Q

Myocardium

A

composed of cardiac muscle

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9
Q

Endocardium

A

lines the inside. of the heart chambers

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10
Q

Trabeculae Carneae

A

ventricular wall muscles

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11
Q

Papillary Muscles

A

nipple-shaped muscles that anchor chordae tendonae

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12
Q

Chordae Tendonae

A

tendinous cords that pull valves open

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13
Q

AV Valves (2)

A

Bicuspid and Tricuspid

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14
Q

What happens to AV valves when ventricles relax?

A

AV valves open and ventricles fill with blood

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15
Q

What happens to AV valves when ventricles contract?

A

AV valves close to prevent backflow

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16
Q

SL Valves (2)

A

Pulmonary and Aortic valves

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17
Q

When SL valves relax?

A

SL valve closes to prevent backflow

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18
Q

When SL valves contract?

A

SL valves open to eject blood out

19
Q

Coronary Circuit

A

From the chambers to the myocardium and back

20
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

deliver oxygenated blood from the aorta to the myocardium

21
Q

Coronary veins

A

drain oxygenated blood into the coronary sinus

22
Q

Coronary sinus

A

drains deoxygenated blood into the right atrium

23
Q

Autorhythmic Cells

A

-clusters of non-contractile cells that create basal/ resting HR
-generate their own action potentials
-THE source of stimuli for cardiac muscle cells

24
Q

Cardiac Output

A

volume of blood pumped out by ventricle in one minute

25
Q

Factors that affect HR (2)

A

Chronotropic agents and Autonomic reflexes

26
Q

Chronotropic agents

A

any factor that changes HR

27
Q

Positive Chronotropic (4)

A

-EPE and NE
-caffeine
-nicotine
-cocaine

28
Q

Negative Chronotropic

A

-ACH
-Beta blockers

29
Q

Autonomic Reflexes

A

cardiac center in the brain that adjusts HR

30
Q

SNS sympathetic nervous system

A

cardioacceleration

31
Q

PNS

A

cardioinhibition

32
Q

Stroke Volume

A

volume of blood ejected per heartbeat

33
Q

Factors that affect SV

A

Preload:

Venous return- how much blood fills the heart
Frank-starling law- increased blood volume entering the heart/ increased myocardial stretch

Inotropic Agents

Afterload- the aorta and pulmonary trunks resistance to ventricular ejection

34
Q

Positive Intropic (3)

A

-EPE and NE
-digoxin
-dopamine

35
Q

Negative Intropic (3)

A

-beta-blockers
-calcium channel blockers
-elevated potassium/ hyperkalemia

36
Q

Pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium, if severe, leads to cardiac tamponade

37
Q

Patent Foramen Ovale

A

common congenital heart defect (birth defect)

Foramen ovale failed to seal into fossa ovalis

38
Q

Valvular Stenosis

A

valves become leaky and allow backflow

39
Q

Valvular incompetence

A

valves become stiff or narrow

40
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

types of conditions that affect myocardium

ultimately affects SV and CO

41
Q

Myocardial Ischemia

A

oxygen deprived myocardium

42
Q

Bradycardia

A

slow HR < 60 BPM

43
Q

Tachycardia

A

rapid HR > 100 BPM

44
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation

A

loss of myocardial coordination

ventricle fail to pump blood

A&P II (9 decks)

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