CS: Blood Vessels

Question 1

Elastic Arteries

Answer 1

Structure- located closest to the heart, has large diameters, thick tunica media w/ tons of elastin

Function- conduct blood away from the pressure reservoirs

Question 2

Muscular Arteries

Answer 2

Structure- further away from the heart, thick tunica media with/ tons of smooth muscle layers

Function- distribute blood to the organs, perform vasoconstriction

Question 3

Arterioles

Answer 3

Structure- small diameter, has a few smooth muscle layers

Function- constrict and dilate to control blood flow entering capillary beds

Question 4

Capillaries

Answer 4

Structure- continuous capillaries, simple squamous endothelium with intercellular clefts

Function- site for exchange

Question 5

Venules

Answer 5

Structure- form when capillaries merge, look like small veins, little bit of smooth muscle

Function- merge to form veins

Question 6

Veins

Answer 6

Structure- formed when venules merge, valves to prevent backflow

Function- blood reservoirs that require external pumps to send blood back to heart

Question 7

Blood Pressure

Answer 7

The force blood exerts within blood vessel walls

Question 8

Pressure Gradient

Answer 8

Blood will flow from areas of high pressure to low pressure. Arterial systems start high while venous has low pressure.

Question 9

Arterial Pressure

Answer 9

High pressure and pulsatile

Systolic pressure- high (~120 mm Hg)

Diastolic pressure- low (~80 mm Hg)

Question 10

Capillary Pressure

Answer 10

Low pressure but not 0 mm Hg

Question 11

Venous Pressure

Answer 11

Very low, all the way down to 0 mm Hg at vena cava

Question 12

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Answer 12

Average BBP in arterial system

Question 13

Systolic Pressure

Answer 13

during ventricular contraction

Question 14

Diastolic Pressure

Answer 14

during ventricular relaxation

Question 15

Perfusion

Answer 15

blood flow to organs and tissues (deliver 02 and nutrients)

Question 16

Intrinsic Autoregulation

Answer 16

Goal- maintain constant perfusion into tissues and organs

Metabolic vasodilation occurs when : hypercapnia, acidosis, hypoxia, and elevated lactate.

Question 17

Starlings Law

Answer 17

Osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure drive the movement of fluids. Net filtration pressure depends on these forces

Question 18

Arteriole end of capillaries

Answer 18

• osmotic pressure will want to push fluids into capillaries
• hydrostatic pressure within capillaries, however, is: higher than OP
• therefore fluids are pushed out of capillaries (AKA filtration)

Question 19

On the venule end of capillaries

Answer 19

• hydrostatic pressure will want to send fluids out of the vessel
• osmotic pressure within capillaries, however, is stronger than HP
• fluids are pushed into capillaries (AKA reabsorption)

Question 20

Varicose Veins

Answer 20

dilated and twisted veins due to incompetent valves (blood pools)

Question 21

Atherosclerosis

Answer 21

plaque build up in blood vessels