Crowe Quality Flashcards
Quality Management
Knowledge area with 3 processes that focus on proactively planning for quality, assessing the overall quality process, and monitoring and controlling the quality of the product.
Processes:
- Plan Quality (Planning)
- Perform Quality Assurance (Executing)
- Perform Quality Control (Monitoring & Controlling)
Plan Quality
planning process within quality management that creates the quality management plan.
Key Inputs
• (none)
Key Tools • Cost-Benefit Analysis • Cost of Quality • Control Charts • Benchmarking • Design of Experiments • Statistical Sampling • Flowcharting
Key Outputs • Quality Management Plan • Quality Metrics • Quality Checklists • Process Improvement Plan
Perform Quality Assurance
Executing process within quality management concerned with quality improvement, primarily for the process and subsequently for product.
Key Inputs
• Quality Control Measurements
Key Tools
• Quality Audits
• Process Analysis
Key Outputs
• Change Requests
Perform Quality Control
Monitoring & Controlling process concerned with improving the quality of the product and other project deliverables.
Key Inputs • Quality Metrics • Quality Checklists • Work Performance Measurements • Deliverables
Key Tools • Run Charts • Scatter Diagrams • Statistical Sampling • Inspection • Cause and Effect Diagrams • Control Charts • Flowcharting • Pareto Chart
Key Outputs
• Validated Deliverables
Total Quality Management
Quality theory that states that everyone is responsible for quality and can make a difference in the ultimate quality of the product as well as the process.
Continuous Improvement
Also known as Kaizen.
Quality theory of Japanese Management that seeks to improve overall quality by making tiny ongoing changes in the process or product.
ISO 9000
A standard, published by the International Organization for Standardization, that ensures that organizations document what they do and do what they document.
By itself, ISO 9000 does not directly lead to higher quality.
Statistical Independence
Statistical situation where the outcome of one event is not linked, or dependent, upon the outcome of another.
E.g., the outcome of one coin toss does not affect the next coin toss.
Mutual Exclusivity
Statistical occurence when the outcome of one event or choice excludes the other from happening. The term is used in both risk and quality management.
E.g., the outcome of heads on a coin toss excludes the outcome of tails on the same toss.
Just-In-Time Inventory Management
Abbreviated as JIT.
A Japanese inventory control technique that keeps very low or no excess inventory to create a higher focus on quality on the few items that are in inventory.
Standard Deviation
A statistical calculation used to show how diverse the data in a sample are.
A high standard deviation indicates tht data points are scattered, while a low standard deviation indicates that data points are grouped closely together.
A lower standard deviation would typically be more desirable in product and process measurements.
Six Sigma
Quality measurement philosophy that focuses on achieving high levels of quality by controlling process and reducing defects.
1 Sigma Quality
• 68.25% of the deliverables are within quality limits
• 317,000 defects per million allowed
2 Sigma Quality
• 99.73% of the deliverables are within quality limits
• 2700 defects per million allowed
6 Sigma Quality
• 99.99966% of the deliverables are within quality limits
• 3.4 defects per million allowed
Prevention
Planning quality into the product before it is made. Prevention is preferred over inspection.
Inspection
Looking to find and remove low-quality deliverables after they are made.
Prevention is preferable over inspection.
This tool is used in the Verify Scope and Perform Quality Control processes.
Attribute Sampling
Looking at a deliverable to determine whether or not it conforms to specifications. Contrast with variable sampling.
