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PPL > Cross Country Planning > Flashcards

Cross Country Planning Flashcards

1
Q

Cold air is more dense than hot-air, so your plane will:

A
  • Perform better
  • It will feel like it’s flying at a lower atltitude
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2
Q

Is Dry Air more or less dense than Humid Air?

A
  • It is more dense
  • Flying in 0% humidity will result in better airplane performance
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3
Q

What does low density altitude do to airplane performance?

A
  1. Your a/c will feel like it’s flying lower to the ground
  2. Molecules are packed together tighter
  3. Cold, High Pressure, and Dry = Better a/c performance
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4
Q

What does High Density Altitude do to your a/c performance?

A
  1. Your a/c will feel like it’s flying at a higher altitude ie poor performance
  2. Molecules are spread out
  3. Hot, Low Pressure and Humidity = High Density Altitude
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5
Q

Pressure Altitude Formula

A

(Standard Pressure setting - Current pressure setting) x 1,000 + Field Elevation = Pressure Altitude

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6
Q

Density Altitude Formula

A

(Current Temp - Standard Temp) x 120 + Pressure Altitude

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7
Q

Absolute Ceiling is defined as:

A

The point where Vx & Vy converge. At this point an a/c will not be able to climb anymore

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8
Q

A single engine aircraft is only able to achieve a max climb rate of 100’/min. This is also called:

A

Service Ceiling

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9
Q

How to calculate the Time to Reach Cruise?

A

Altitude to Ascend / Ft per Minute = Time to Reach Climb

(D/S = T)

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10
Q

Calculating Distance to Reach Cruise

A

Speed x Time = Distance to reach Cruise

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11
Q

Fuel req to reach cruise altitude formula?

A

Time to Reach Cruise x Fuel Burn = Fuel Required to Reach Cruise

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12
Q

When predicting cruise performance you should:

A
  • Err on the side of caution and overestimate critical values (i.e. fuel burn, time etc.)
  • Keep in mind winds aloft. Headwinds will increase time enroute and decrease range
  • Elect proper cruise speed is important for calculating fuel burn (i.e. economy vs. performance)
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13
Q

3 Ways to Navigate if you’re lost

A
  1. Pilotage (using references)
  2. Dead Reckoning (Math finding the variation of wind)
  3. Radio Navigation (GPS, VORs)
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14
Q

VOR

A

VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range

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15
Q

Different VOR

A

VORTAC
VOR
VOR-DME

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16
Q

VORTAC

A

-Same as a VOR: TAC is a military function

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17
Q

Best Rate of Descent

A

500’/min

18
Q

Speed formula

A

Speed = D / T

19
Q

Distance Formula

A

Distance = S x T

20
Q

Time Formula

A

Time = D / S

21
Q

Calculating Time to Top of Climb

A

T = D/S

D: Cruise Alt. - Field Elev.
S: Climb Rate per Feet (700’)

22
Q

Calculating ground distance to top of climb

A
  1. Calculate time to top of climb (T=Cruise/ROC)
  2. Ground Speed ( Calculates in the WCA)

Time to Top of Climb x Ground Speed = Distance Over Ground to TOC

23
Q

Calculating TOD time:

A
  1. Rate of Descent = 500’ per min
  2. Altitude

Altitude / Rate of Descent
(D/S = T)

24
Q

How to find where you are using a VOR?

A

Turn the OBD dial on the VOR until the “From” indicator is shown, and the line is center. You are on that radial from the respective VOR.

25
Q

How many times zones are in the continental US?

A
  • Eastern
  • Central
  • Mountain
  • Pacific
26
Q

For each 15 degree of longitude, is equal to how much time?

A

1 hour

27
Q

The mountain, eastern, pacific and central time zones are located at what degree of longitude?

A
  • Eastern : 75 degrees
  • Central : 90 degrees
  • Mountain : 105 degrees
  • Pacific : 120 degrees
28
Q

UTC time zone is located at what degree? and how can you calculate the difference in time between each time zone and UTC?

A
  • 0 degrees
  • Divide the time zone degrees by 15 to figure the difference and add that number to the hours to get UTC time

or

  • Memorize:
    EST= add 5 hrs
    CST= add 6 hrs
    MST = add 7 hrs
    PST = add 8 hrs
29
Q

Define “true course”:

A
  • True course is your actual ground track over the earth in reference to true north; this is measured on a sectional map with a plotter to set your course before correcting for wind, and variation
30
Q

Define “true heading”:

A
  • Your true course corrected for wind; using the wind side of the E6b you would correct for wind using your “true course” that was marked on a sectional chart to find your “true heading”
31
Q

Define “magnetic heading”:

A
  • Your “true heading” (found by correcting your TC for wind), corrected for magnetic variation (found on sectional chart)
32
Q

Define “magnetic course”:

A
  • Your “true course” (TC) corrected for magnetic variation. Remember that your true course is the line drawn on a sectional chart as a direct line between points A and B
33
Q

What’s a good checkpoint to have during a XC flight?

A

A landmark you’re familiar with, so you can check off your checkpoints easily

34
Q

What is magnetic course?

A

Your true course (TC) corrected for magnetic variation (east is least west is best)

35
Q

When leveling off at top of climb, it’s best to have a:

A
  • Visual indication to mark as a checkpoint
36
Q

What should checkpoints be?

A
  • Landmarks
  • Mountains
  • Highways
  • Cities
  • Unique terrain
  • Airports
37
Q

What are Victor airways?

A

They’re protected VFR routes and can be used for planning routes

38
Q

Are VOR’s calibrated for magnetic variation?

A

Yes

39
Q

How many minutes are there in between latitude and longitude grids?

A

60 minutes, with halfway in between at 30 minutes

40
Q

What are the oxygen requirements?

A
  • Above 12,500’ MSL for more than 30 min. required crew must use oxygen
  • Above 14,000’ MSL oxygen must be used at all times
  • Above 15,000’ MSL oxygen must be used, but must be offered to pax but not required for pax to accept
41
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

The lack of oxygen to the vital organs

42
Q

What’s the difference between proficient vs. current?

A

Currency keeps me legal to fly (i.e. medical, certified, valid ID etc.); proficiency is my skill to keep passengers alive (i.e. my skills of flying an airplane, how frequent I’ve flown in the last 12 mos vs. 6 mos, vs. 3 mos etc.)

PPL (13 decks)

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