Critical question 1 Core 1

Question 1

what dash points are under: measuring health status

Answer 1

• role of epidemiology
• measures of epidemiology

Question 2

what do the measures of epidemiology include?

Answer 2

mortality, infant mortality, morbidity and life expectancy

Question 3

what is epidemiology?

Answer 3

the process of collecting data to analyse patterns of disease and health of targeted populations

Question 4

what are the 3 things epidemiology shows us?

Answer 4

• prevalence
• incidence
• distribution

Question 5

what is Prevalence of disease?

Answer 5

the number of cases there are in total of a disease

Question 6

what is incidence of disease?

Answer 6

the number of new disease cases over a period of time (rate)

Question 7

what is the distribution of disease?

Answer 7

how and where the cases have been experienced

Question 8

what are the limitations of epidemiology

Answer 8

• doesn’t tell us about the quality of life of the individuals
• doesn’t measure mental health
• open to bias

Question 9

who uses the measures of eipdemiology? (5)

Answer 9

1. government: federal, local, state
2. health services: private & public
3. health promoters
4. medical education faciities
5. schools

Question 10

what dash points are under: identifying priority health issues

Answer 10

• social justice principles
• priority population groups
• prevalence of condition
• potential for prevention and early intervention
• costs to the individual and community

Question 11

what are the general main 4 measures of health status?

Answer 11

1. rates and causes of death
2. rates and causes of illness and injury
3. rates around life expectancy
4. rates around infant mortality

Question 12

what are the 4 major causes of health status

Answer 12

1. rates around lifestyle behaviours
2. rates around hospitalisation
3. rates around workplace illnes and injury
4. rates around general practitioners

Question 13

what is health status?

Answer 13

a moment in time that tells us about the health of a population/group

Question 14

what are the 4 major measures of health status

Answer 14

• rates & causes of death
• rates and causes of illness/injury
• rates around life expectancy
• rates around infant mortality

Question 15

what are the 4 major causes of health incidence

Answer 15

• rates around lifestyle behaviours
• rates around hospitalisation
• rates around workplace illness & injury
• rates around general practitioners

Question 16

what is life expectancy?

Answer 16

the estimates age a population will live to

Question 17

what was the life expectancy of women in 1990 vs 2020?

Answer 17

1990: 80.1
2020: 85.3

Question 18

what was the life expectancy of men in 1990 vs 2020?

Answer 18

1990: 73.9
2020: 81.2

Question 19

what is mortality?

Answer 19

the number of deaths in a population

Question 20

what is the leading cause of death for females in 2020

Answer 20

dementia & alzheimers

Question 21

what was the leading cause of death for males in 2020?

Answer 21

coronary heart disease

Question 22

what is infant mortality?

Answer 22

the number of deaths in the first year of life per 1000 live births

Question 23

what is morbidity?

Answer 23

the patterns of illness and injury that does not result in death

Question 24

what does the acronym SJP stand for?

Answer 24

social justice principles

Question 25

what are the 3 social justice principles

Answer 25

1. diversity
2. equity
3. supportive environments

Question 26

what does diversity mean?

Answer 26

differences that exist between individuals ie. cultural groups

Question 27

what does equity mean?

Answer 27

resources allocated in accordance with peoples needs

Question 28

what are supportive environments

Answer 28

actions/groups created by people to support or positively influence others

Question 29

what are priority population groups?

Answer 29

groups within Australia with poorer health outcomes than others

Question 30

what is the prevalence of a condition

Answer 30

the epidemiological data that shows a large influence on the health of a population

Question 31

discribe potential for prevention and early intervention

Answer 31

a diseases potential to prevented/ interviewed

Question 32

what is the cost of disease and illness to individuals and communities

Answer 32

the financial drainage on communities and individuals caused by disease

Question 33

how much did australia spend on health goods and services in 2019-2020

Answer 33

$202.5 billion

Question 34

what are the 9 national health priority areas

Answer 34

**1. Cancer
2. CVD
3. injury **
4. obesity
5. diabetes
6. mental health
7. asthma
8. arthiritis
9. dementia

Question 35

what are the indirect and direct costs to individuals?

Answer 35

1. DIRECT – the cost of medication and treatment and loss of income.
2. INDIRECT – the emotional stress, depression, burden of others (i.e family and friends) and reduced quality of life.

Question 36

what are the direct and indirect costs to community?

Answer 36

1. DIRECT – the cost of hospitalisation, Medicare, prevention programs, pharmaceuticals, education, screening
2. INDIRECT – the cost of foregorn earnings, retraining replacement workers, the absenteeism (when people are to sick to go to work)