Critical question 1 Core 1 Flashcards
How are priority issues for Australia’s health identified?
what dash points are under: measuring health status
- role of epidemiology
- measures of epidemiology
what do the measures of epidemiology include?
mortality, infant mortality, morbidity and life expectancy
what is epidemiology?
the process of collecting data to analyse patterns of disease and health of targeted populations
what are the 3 things epidemiology shows us?
- prevalence
- incidence
- distribution
what is Prevalence of disease?
the number of cases there are in total of a disease
what is incidence of disease?
the number of new disease cases over a period of time (rate)
what is the distribution of disease?
how and where the cases have been experienced
what are the limitations of epidemiology
- doesn’t tell us about the quality of life of the individuals
- doesn’t measure mental health
- open to bias
who uses the measures of eipdemiology? (5)
- government: federal, local, state
- health services: private & public
- health promoters
- medical education faciities
- schools
what dash points are under: identifying priority health issues
- social justice principles
- priority population groups
- prevalence of condition
- potential for prevention and early intervention
- costs to the individual and community
what are the general main 4 measures of health status?
- rates and causes of death
- rates and causes of illness and injury
- rates around life expectancy
- rates around infant mortality
what are the 4 major causes of health status
- rates around lifestyle behaviours
- rates around hospitalisation
- rates around workplace illnes and injury
- rates around general practitioners
what is health status?
a moment in time that tells us about the health of a population/group
what are the 4 major measures of health status
- rates & causes of death
- rates and causes of illness/injury
- rates around life expectancy
- rates around infant mortality
what are the 4 major causes of health incidence
- rates around lifestyle behaviours
- rates around hospitalisation
- rates around workplace illness & injury
- rates around general practitioners
what is life expectancy?
the estimates age a population will live to
what was the life expectancy of women in 1990 vs 2020?
1990: 80.1
2020: 85.3
what was the life expectancy of men in 1990 vs 2020?
1990: 73.9
2020: 81.2
what is mortality?
the number of deaths in a population
what is the leading cause of death for females in 2020
dementia & alzheimers
what was the leading cause of death for males in 2020?
coronary heart disease
what is infant mortality?
the number of deaths in the first year of life per 1000 live births
what is morbidity?
the patterns of illness and injury that does not result in death
what does the acronym SJP stand for?
social justice principles
what are the 3 social justice principles
- diversity
- equity
- supportive environments
what does diversity mean?
differences that exist between individuals ie. cultural groups
what does equity mean?
resources allocated in accordance with peoples needs
what are supportive environments
actions/groups created by people to support or positively influence others
what are priority population groups?
groups within Australia with poorer health outcomes than others
what is the prevalence of a condition
the epidemiological data that shows a large influence on the health of a population
discribe potential for prevention and early intervention
a diseases potential to prevented/ interviewed
what is the cost of disease and illness to individuals and communities
the financial drainage on communities and individuals caused by disease
how much did australia spend on health goods and services in 2019-2020
$202.5 billion
what are the 9 national health priority areas
**1. Cancer
2. CVD
3. injury **
4. obesity
5. diabetes
6. mental health
7. asthma
8. arthiritis
9. dementia
what are the indirect and direct costs to individuals?
- DIRECT – the cost of medication and treatment and loss of income.
- INDIRECT – the emotional stress, depression, burden of others (i.e family and friends) and reduced quality of life.
what are the direct and indirect costs to community?
- DIRECT – the cost of hospitalisation, Medicare, prevention programs, pharmaceuticals, education, screening
- INDIRECT – the cost of foregorn earnings, retraining replacement workers, the absenteeism (when people are to sick to go to work)
