Criminology Chapter 9

Question 1

What was one group of academic scholars that attributed the rise in prison populations to a shift in public attitudes? What are they called and what was the shift called?

Answer 1

Check third paragraph of pg.193

Question 2

What were some explanations that explain the shift as to why so many people have been locked up in the United States, when crime rates have been consistently declining?

Answer 2

Check third paragraph of pg.193 and pg 194

Question 3

What is one thing most critical criminologists agreed upon?

Answer 3

Check first paragraph of pg.194

Question 4

What happened to Canada when it took a punitive turn?

Answer 4

Check second paragraph of pg.194

Question 5

Define critical criminology

Answer 5

Check definition and first paragraph on pg.195

Question 6

Define Marxism

Answer 6

Check definition on pg.195

Question 7

What are some forms of oppositions?

Answer 7

Check first paragraph of pg.195

Question 8

What were the origins of critical criminology?

Answer 8

Check second paragraph of pg.195

Question 9

What view did early critical criminologists shared?

Answer 9

Check third paragraph of pg.195

Question 10

What are the types of scholars in critical criminology and what do they generally do? 5 types

Answer 10

Check first paragraph of pg.196

Question 11

What are Neo-Marxists’s cues based on? Which work? What did the two thinkers argued for?

Answer 11

Check second paragraph of pg.196

Question 12

What do Neo-Marxist criminologists focus on and how do they view crime? What are these type of criminologists referred as?

Answer 12

Check second paragraph of pg.196

Question 13

Define conflict theories

Answer 13

Check definition on pg.196

Question 14

What are three key ideas derived from traditional Marxism and “The New Criminology”?

Answer 14

Check third paragraph of pg.196

Question 15

Why is the group called Neo-Marxist and not simply Marxist?

Answer 15

Check second paragraph and last paragraph of pg.196

Question 16

Define interactionist perspective

Answer 16

Check definition on pg.196

Question 17

What is one example of how labelling theory helps flesh out Marxist ideas?

Answer 17

Check last paragraph of pg.196

Question 18

Define moral panic

Answer 18

Check definition on pg.196

Question 19

What are three examples of neo-Marxist criminologists?

Answer 19

Check first paragraph of pg.197

Question 20

What did Rigakos and Ergul argue?

Answer 20

Check first paragraph of pg.197

Question 21

What does Jeffery Reiman argue for?

Answer 21

Check second paragraph of pg.197

Question 22

What is the first paragraph of “The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison” about?

Answer 22

Check first paragraph of pg.198 in box 9.1

Question 23

What is the second paragraph of “The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison: about?

Answer 23

Check second paragraph of pg.198 in box 9.1

Question 24

What did feminist criminologists noted about the work of mainstream criminologists and what are two significant problems it can result from?

Answer 24

Check first paragraph of pg.198

Question 25

Define patriarchy

Answer 25

Check definition on pg.198

Question 26

What do feminist criminologists seek to do?

Answer 26

Check first paragraph of pg.199

Question 27

What are four major forms of feminist criminology and what are they about?

Answer 27

Check second paragraph of pg.199

Question 28

What is the "war on drugs" and what impact did it have?

Answer 28

Check first paragraph of box 9.2 in pg.199

Question 29

What did Chesney-Lind observed?

Answer 29

Check last two paragraphs of box 9.2 in pg.199

Question 30

What are some examples of feminist criminologists?

Answer 30

Check first paragraph of pg.200

Question 31

What did Comack, a feminist criminologist, do?

Answer 31

Check first paragraph of pg.200

Question 32

What do critical race theory and post-colonial theory overlap in their common goal?

Answer 32

Check second paragraph of pg.200

Question 33

Define critical race theory and what is its origin?

Answer 33

Check definition and second paragraph of pg.200

Question 34

What does critical race theory see race as?

Answer 34

Check second paragraph of pg.200

Question 35

Define post-colonial theory and how was it developed? How does this theory help us?

Answer 35

Check second paragraph of pg.200

Question 36

What was Frantz Fanon's Black Skin, White Masks?

Answer 36

Check second paragraph of pg.200

Question 37

What are two important issues that critical race theory and post-colonial theory focuses on?

Answer 37

Check last paragraph of pg.200

Question 38

Define systemic racism

Answer 38

Check definition on pg.200

Question 39

What was Robert Staple's "White Racism, Black Crime and American Justice" about and what did he argued?

Answer 39

Check last paragraph of pg.200 and first paragraph of pg.201

Question 40

What is one example of how the critiques of criminology contributed to critical criminologists and the means by which criminologists contribute to forms of oppression at home and abroad?

Answer 40

Check first paragraph of pg.201

Question 41

Which theory did Renisa Mawani use and what did he show and argued?

Answer 41

Check second paragraph of pg.201

Question 42

What did Ben Bowling explored and shown?

Answer 42

Check box 9.3 in pg.201

Question 43

Define racial profiling

Answer 43

Check definition on pg.201

Question 44

What are left realist?

Answer 44

Check first paragraph of pg.202

Question 45

What do left realists see as three important and interrelated concepts for understanding the nature of crime within Western societies? What are they about? IMPORTANT

Answer 45

Check third, fourth and fifth paragraph of pg.202

Question 46

What is one example of relative deprivation?

Answer 46

Check third paragraph of pg.202

Question 47

What are some examples that left realism had an influence in North America?

Answer 47

Check last paragraph of pg.202

Question 48

What did DeKeseredy do? What is one example of his work?

Answer 48

Check last paragraph of pg.202 and first paragraph of pg.203

Question 49

What did Jock Young's "The Exclusive Society" argue and what did Young explain?

Answer 49

Check last paragraph of pg.203

Question 50

What was the "case of Affluenza" about in June 2013?

Answer 50

Check first paragraph of box 9.4 of pg.203

Question 51

What was Boyce Watkin's "Rich, White kids have 'Affluenza,' Poor, Black Kids Go to Prison" about?

Answer 51

Check last paragraph of box 9.4 of pg.203

Question 52

What are two common features that Marxism (conflict theory) and structural functionalism (consensus theory) have in common?

Answer 52

Check first paragraph of pg.204

Question 53

Define post-structuralist and how was it developed?

Answer 53

Check definition and first paragraph on pg.204

Question 54

What did post-structuralist argue?

Answer 54

Check second paragraph of pg.204

Question 55

Define discourses and an example of it

Answer 55

Check definition and second paragraph of pg.204

Question 56

What was Foucault's work and what were the results of his work?

Answer 56

Check third paragraph of pg.204

Question 57

What did Stéphane leman-Langlois do and what was his approach to some of the issues regarding human rights? What is one example of his work?

Answer 57

Check last paragraph of pg.204 and first paragraph of pg.205

Question 58

What did David Garland book of "culture of Control" argue and what was it about?

Answer 58

Check box 9.5 in pg.205

Question 59

Define Foucauldian

Answer 59

Check definition on pg.205

Question 60

What is peace-making criminology and what kind of approach do they take?

Answer 60

Check second paragraph of pg.205

Question 61

Define social justice

Answer 61

Check definition of pg.205

Question 62

Define restorative justice

Answer 62

Check definition of pg.205

Question 63

What kind of model do peace-making criminology take?

Answer 63

Check last paragraph of pg.205

Question 64

What kind of group would seek to reduce the use of imprisonment through the use of social justice - oriented programs? What kind of group would seek to remove the use of imprisonment altogether?

Answer 64

Check first paragraph of pg.206

Question 65

What are 3 examples of out many that work within the framework of peace-making perspective?

Answer 65

Check second paragraph of pg.206

Question 66

What is Andrew Woolford and what did it do? What does he argue for?

Answer 66

Check third paragraph of pg.206

Question 67

Define genocide

Answer 67

Check definition of pg.206

Question 68

What did Christie do and what did he argue/suggest?

Answer 68

Check last paragraph of pg.206

Question 69

Define prison industrial complex

Answer 69

Check definition of pg.206

Question 70

What are the 3 "if" of Nils Christie "A Suitable Amount of Crime"?

Answer 70

Check box 9.6 in pg.207

Question 71

What does critical criminology act as? What does Young argue about all criminology?

Answer 71

Chek last paragraph in pg.208