Criminology Chapter 8 Flashcards
What is the discipline of psychology composed of?
Check first paragraph of pg.169
Define IQ
Check definition of pg.169
Who’s work linked low IQ and criminality today?
Check second paragraph of pg.169
What does psychology theories on crime focus on? 4 things
Check third paragraph of pg.169
What did positivist criminologists say about a connection between criminality and something?
Check second paragraph of pg.170
What happened in the study of the Kallikaks?
Check second paragraph of pg.170
Define feeble-mindedness
Check definition on pg.170
What did Edwin Sutherland theory argued for?
Check third paragraph of pg.170
What did Hirschi and Hindelang argued for?
Check fourth paragraph of pg.170
What did Herrnstein and Murray argued for and what did that cause?
Check fifth paragraph of pg.170 and 171
Draw figure 8.1
Check pg.171 for figure 8.1
Who was Sigmund Freud?
Check second paragraph of pg.171
Define psychoanalysis
Check definition on pg.171
What are 3 component of personality and what are they about?
Check first paragraph of pg.172
What is reality principle?
Check definition and first paragraph of pg.172
What is one example of how components of personality can control behavior?
Check second paragraph of pg.172
What have psychoanalytic theorists suggested for different paths to criminality? ( five things)
Check fourth paragraph pg.172, 173 and 175
Define Neurotic
Check definition on pg.172
Draw figure 8.2
Check figure 8.2 on pg.172
Definition of psychopathic
Check definition in box 8.1 on pg.173
What did Johns and Quay argued for about psychopaths?
Check 3 paragraph in box 8.1 on pg.173
How are people referred to sociopaths or anti-social offenders?
Check second paragraph on pg.173
What are three misconception about psychopathy?
Check fourth paragraph in box 8.1 on pg.173 and first and second paragraph on pg.174
Define APD
Check definition on pg.174
What is the difference between individuals with APD and those with psychopathy?
Check second paragraph on pg.174
How did Cleckley’s work “the Mask Of Sanity” influence the concept of psychopath?
Check fourth paragraph on pg.174
What happen in Williams, Paulhus and Hare’s research study and what did they claim?
Check fifth and sixth paragraph on pg.174
What is one example of measures for psychopathy?
Check fifth paragraph of pg.174
What was some of the issues that arise with psychoanalytic theories?
Check second paragraph of pg.175
What is one example of a psychoanalytic theory that remained influential in criminology today?
Control theory
What are some examples of psychological learning theories that contributed to criminology? 3 things
Check fourth paragraph on pg.175
Draw figure 8.3
Check figure 8.3 on pg.176
What happened in Ivan Parlov’s experiement with dogs
Check first paragraph of pg.176
What was Eyesenck’s theory of criminal personality influenced by and what did he argued? Also defined them
Check second paragraph and definition on pg.176
What is tied to level of extraversion? and define it
Check third paragraph and definition on pg.176
What did Eysenck’s theory suggest?
Check fourth paragraph on pg.176
What was Thorndike experiment about?
Check first paragraph on pg.177
Define behaviorism
A learning theory that suggest all behavior can be shaped by rewards and punishment
What did Skinner suggest and what was his experiment about?
Check second paragraph of pg.177
What is Jeffery’s theory based on and what did it proposed?
Check third paragraph of pg.177
What did Wilson and Herrnstein argued?
Check fourth paragraph of pg.177
Define frustration-aggression hypothesis and goal responses
Check definition on pg.177
What did Dollard, Miller, Doob, Mowrer and Sear argued and created what hypothesis?
Check fifth and sixth paragraph on pg.177 and second paragraph on pg.178
Who was Albert Bandura?
Check third paragraph of pg.178
What happened in Bandura’s experiment and what did he find out?
Check fourth paragraph of pg.178
What did social cognitive theory included?
Check fifth paragraph of pg.178
According to Bandura, _____ is an important form of learning
According to Bandura, modelling is an important form of learning
Define modelling
Check definition on pg.178
Define vicarious reinforcement
Check definition on pg.178
What else did Bandura claimed?
Check last paragraph of pg.178
What do social cognitive theorists believe in?
Check second paragraph of pg.179
What is a key aspect of social cognitive theory and what is it about?
Check third paragraph of pg.179
What is the collective efficacy theory?
Check fourth paragraph of pg.179
What is the moral development theory and who created and what did it argue for?
Check last paragraph of pg.179 and pg.180
Who extended the moral development theory and created the six stages of moral development? Also draw figure 8.4
Check second paragraph of pg.180 and check figure 8.4 on pg.180
What was the six stages of moral development about? HARD ONE
Check first - third paragraph of pg.181
What did Kohlberg’s idea on moral development suggest?
Check fourth paragraph of pg.181
Draw figure 8.5
Check figure 8.5 on pg.182
What did Andrews and Bonta’s PIC-R theory argued?
Check second paragraph of pg.182
What are key explanatory mechanisms in PIC-R theory derived from?
Check first paragraph of pg.183
What are aspects of modelling, classical and operant conditioning are used for? two things
Check second paragraph of pg.183
Why are social systems and environments important to understanding criminal behaviors? according to Andrews and Bonta?
Check third paragraph of pg.183
What are DLC theories and what are three key influences?
Check “Integration Across the Life Course: developmental and Life-Course Criminology” on pg.183
What are some factors that DLC theories have incorporated?
Check first paragraph on pg.184
What was Farrington’s ICAP theory about and what is the key construct in the theory? What did Farrington argued?
Check second paragraph on pg.184
What are two environmental and/or immediate situational factors that might lead to offending?
Check third paragraph on pg.184
What was Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy about? what was it used for?
Check fourth paragraph on pg.184
What are the characteristics of LCP offenders?
Check fifth paragraph on pg.184
What did Moffitt state about neuropsychological deficits and their consequences?
Check last paragraph on pg.184 and 185
What are the characteristics of AL offenders?
Check second paragraph of pg.185
What did Moffitt claim about AL offenders?
Check third paragraph of pg.185
The medical model was introduced by what school?
The medical model was introduced by the positivist school
Who implemented early correctional treatment approach in prison and what was it influenced by? What did correctional treatment model shift to in 1950s and 1960s?
Check fifth paragraph on pg.185
What were the characteristics of the risk assessment and what were some instruments used to predict risk? What are the risk assessment derived from?
Check last paragraph on pg.185 and 186
What is an example of a psychological theory that contributed to policies that target chronic and persistent offenders? and how?
Check second paragraph of pg.186
