Criminology Chapter 8 Flashcards by Tiger Dinh

What is the discipline of psychology composed of?

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Define IQ

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Who’s work linked low IQ and criminality today?

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What does psychology theories on crime focus on? 4 things

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What did positivist criminologists say about a connection between criminality and something?

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What happened in the study of the Kallikaks?

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Define feeble-mindedness

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What did Edwin Sutherland theory argued for?

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What did Hirschi and Hindelang argued for?

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What did Herrnstein and Murray argued for and what did that cause?

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Draw figure 8.1

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Who was Sigmund Freud?

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Define psychoanalysis

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What are 3 component of personality and what are they about?

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What is reality principle?

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What is one example of how components of personality can control behavior?

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What have psychoanalytic theorists suggested for different paths to criminality? ( five things)

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Define Neurotic

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Draw figure 8.2

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Definition of psychopathic

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What did Johns and Quay argued for about psychopaths?

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How are people referred to sociopaths or anti-social offenders?

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What are three misconception about psychopathy?

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Define APD

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What is the difference between individuals with APD and those with psychopathy?

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How did Cleckley's work "the Mask Of Sanity" influence the concept of psychopath?

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What happen in Williams, Paulhus and Hare's research study and what did they claim?

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What is one example of measures for psychopathy?

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What was some of the issues that arise with psychoanalytic theories?

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What is one example of a psychoanalytic theory that remained influential in criminology today?

Control theory

What are some examples of psychological learning theories that contributed to criminology? 3 things

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Draw figure 8.3

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What happened in Ivan Parlov's experiement with dogs

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What was Eyesenck's theory of criminal personality influenced by and what did he argued? Also defined them

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What is tied to level of extraversion? and define it

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What did Eysenck's theory suggest?

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What was Thorndike experiment about?

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Define behaviorism

A learning theory that suggest all behavior can be shaped by rewards and punishment

What did Skinner suggest and what was his experiment about?

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What is Jeffery's theory based on and what did it proposed?

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What did Wilson and Herrnstein argued?

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Define frustration-aggression hypothesis and goal responses

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What did Dollard, Miller, Doob, Mowrer and Sear argued and created what hypothesis?

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Who was Albert Bandura?

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What happened in Bandura's experiment and what did he find out?

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What did social cognitive theory included?

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According to Bandura, _____ is an important form of learning

According to Bandura, modelling is an important form of learning

Define modelling

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Define vicarious reinforcement

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What else did Bandura claimed?

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What do social cognitive theorists believe in?

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What is a key aspect of social cognitive theory and what is it about?

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What is the collective efficacy theory?

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What is the moral development theory and who created and what did it argue for?

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Who extended the moral development theory and created the six stages of moral development? Also draw figure 8.4

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What was the six stages of moral development about? *HARD ONE*

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What did Kohlberg's idea on moral development suggest?

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Draw figure 8.5

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What did Andrews and Bonta's PIC-R theory argued?

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What are key explanatory mechanisms in PIC-R theory derived from?

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What are aspects of modelling, classical and operant conditioning are used for? two things

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Why are social systems and environments important to understanding criminal behaviors? according to Andrews and Bonta?

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What are DLC theories and what are three key influences?

Check "Integration Across the Life Course: developmental and Life-Course Criminology" on pg.183

What are some factors that DLC theories have incorporated?

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What was Farrington's ICAP theory about and what is the key construct in the theory? What did Farrington argued?

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What are two environmental and/or immediate situational factors that might lead to offending?

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What was Moffitt's developmental taxonomy about? what was it used for?

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What are the characteristics of LCP offenders?

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What did Moffitt state about neuropsychological deficits and their consequences?

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What are the characteristics of AL offenders?

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What did Moffitt claim about AL offenders?

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The medical model was introduced by what school?

The medical model was introduced by the positivist school

Who implemented early correctional treatment approach in prison and what was it influenced by? What did correctional treatment model shift to in 1950s and 1960s?

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What were the characteristics of the risk assessment and what were some instruments used to predict risk? What are the risk assessment derived from?

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What is an example of a psychological theory that contributed to policies that target chronic and persistent offenders? and how?

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