Crime And Punishment In The Early Modern Period Flashcards
What were the religious changes during the reign of Henry VIII and what religion was he?
He was a catholic, but due to his inability to divorce his wife, he created the Church of England. He closed down down Catholic ministries and seized their wealth and land
What were the religious changes during the rein of Edward VI and what religion was he?
He was a Protestant. He introduced a prayer book, written in English. He allowed priests to marry and made church interiors plainer
What were the religious changes during the rein of Mary I and what religion was she?
She was a Catholic and a strict Catholic who wanted to restore the Catholic Church to England, she made the pope the head of the English church one again
What were the religious changes during the rein of Elizabeth I and what religion was she?
She was Protestant and created the religious settlement as a middle way, to appease Catholics and Protestants and made herself head of the English church
What were the religious changes during the rein of James I and what religion was he?
He was Protestant and although being tolerant to Catholics at first, but after the gunpowder plot his attitude towards them changed
During Henry VIII’s reign, who was punished for crimes against religion?
Both Catholics and Protestants were punished as criminals, Protestants were executed for heresy and Catholics for treason as they would not take oath of his supremacy
During Edward VI’s reign, who was punished for crimes against religion?
Some Catholic bishops were imprisoned in the Tower of London and two people were executed for crimes of heresy
During Mary I’s reign, who was punished for crimes against religion?
Mary executed almost 300 people for refusing to follow Catholicism during her reign
What three acts were introduced by Elizabeth I for the religious settlement?
The Act of Supremacy
The Act of Uniformity
The Royal Injunctions
What was the popish recusants act introduced by James I?
It meant Catholics had to swear their loyalty to the king and pay heavy fines for not attending church
How did treason and heresy become connected?
It became connected as in the Tudor period from all monarchs from Henry VIII onwards (except Mary) were head of the Church of England
What were vagabonds?
Homeless and unemployed people who were forced to turn to crime
How did vagabondare become a crime?
There was a growing population, falling wages and rising food prices
How were vagabonds viewed?
They were viewed as lazy and people who had brought trouble upon themselves
What new action led to an increase in vandalism?
The enclosure of large land areas peasants collected would and food from for rich people’s private use
What new law prevented peasants hunting in enclosed land?
The 1671 Game Act
What change led to an increase in smuggling?
The import duties tax was introduced in the 17th century for products brought into the country
What does puritan Oliver Cromwell change when he took over from Charles I in 1653?
He believed Sundays should be kept holy and believed Christmas should be restricted to reading the bible
What was The Bloody Code?
The bloody code meant that even minor crimes like poaching were to be punishable by death
Why was The Bloody Code ineffective?
As the punishments were so severe, law enforcement often pardoned them and crimes were still committed out of desperation as people were too poor to feed themselves
What was transportation?
It meant being sent away from England to a colony to serve punishment
Who were transported to America and how many people were sent?
Vagabonds were often transported and between 50000 and 80000 people were transported to America
Why was transportation used?
It was seen as an effective deterrent, it was a good was to free up prison space and was a pod way to establish colonies and set up farms and build communities
What were early modern prisons like?
They were unhygienic as there were often bodily fluids on the floor and only contained hay in the corner and in 1566, they were forced into hard labour and housed (not crammed into a tiny cell)
