CRIM103 quiz 1 Flashcards
refers to a plausible or scientifically
acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to
explain phenomena.”
Theory
means making something occur or being
the underlying reason why something happened.
Causation
is the act of causing or producing an
effect or a result.
Causation
crime asserted a linkage between
certain biological conditions and an increased tendency to engage
in criminal behavior.
Biological Theory
refer
to biological factors that are inherited.
Genetic Factors
more inclusive, consisting of physiological,
biochemical, neurological, and genetic factors.
Biological Factors
also known as determinism
Positivism
moving from the
general to the specific
deductive framework
focuses on linking
criminal behavior to social conditions.
Sociological Positivism
indicates that there is a cure for
criminality.
Individual Positivism
believes that criminal behavior is treatable but
not curable.
Sociological Positivism
Coined for the word positivism
Auguste Comte
Father of Modern Criminology
Cesare Lombroso
It includes the study of the relationship of physique,
heredity, constitutionalism or body-type to crime.
Biological Positivism
theorize that crime was often
the result of poor education.
Plato
Punishment for crime should serve as a
deterrent to others.
Aristotle
Phytagoras first to advocate
this practice, known as
Physiognomy
The term physiognomy comes from the Greek words
_______, meaning nature, and _______, meaning to judge or to interpret.
Physis and gnomon
It refers to the evaluation of a person’s personality or character
Physiognomy Theory
concluded that appearance and character were related.
Giambattista De la Porta
He concluded that one could determine criminal behavior
through an examination of a person’s eyes, ears, nose,
chin, and facial shape. (Facial Fragments)
Johann Lavater
According to him, The nature of the crime is related to the personality of an individual.
Jacob Fries
from the Greek words phren, meaning mind, and logos, meaning
knowledge
Phrenology
based on the belief that human behavior originated in the
brain.
Phrenology
Sanguine (blood), seated in the liver and associated with ______ and ______?
Courage and love
Choleric (yellow bile), seated in the gall bladder and associated with _______ and _______?
Anger and bad Temper
Melancholic (black bile), seated in the spleen and associated with ______?
Sadness
Phlegmatic (phlegm), seated in the brain and lungs and associated with ?
Calmness
developed the practice of
Cranioscopy
Franz Joseph Gall
a person’s strengths, weaknesses, morals,
proclivities, character, and personality could be determined by
physical characteristics of skull and fissures.
Cranioscopy by Franz Joseph Gall
Gall mapped out the location of _____ “brain organs” on the human skull. A bump
or depression in a particular area of the skull would indicate a strength
or weakness in that particular area.
27
a German physician and student of Gall, actually
coined the term “phrenology” to replace “cranioscopy”.
Johann Spurzheim
Spurzheim created a model “___________” that depicted the
location of the brain organs.
Phrenology Bust
are individuals who are easily
influenced by great emotions like fit to anger.
Criminal By Passion
are those who commit crime due to
abnormalities or psychological disorders. They should be
exempted from criminal liability.
Insane criminals-
the belief that being criminal behavior is inherited.
Born Criminal
a person who commit crime due to less
physical stamina/ self control.
Crminaloid
are those who commit crime de to
insignificant reasons that pushed them to do at a given
occasion.
Occasional Criminals
Father of Empirical [Scientific] Criminology.
Cesare Lombroso
- are those who kill in self defense.
Pseudo Criminals
Physique Theory (Aesthetic type, Athletic Type, Pyknic Type, Mixed )
Ernst Kretschmer
spent 12 years conducting research into the criminal
nature of man to disprove Goring and to
support Lombroso.
Earnest Hooten
Developed and tested Somatotyping (ectomorph, Mesomorph, Endomorph)
William Sheldon
Father of Genetics and Discovered that genes can be inherited using experiments with plants.
Gregor Mendel
Theory of evolution
Charles Darwin
It encourages the reproduction of the
“more fit” which means that good or intelligent people are
more favored to produce children.
Positive Eugenics
Theory of Eugenics
Francis Galton
It discourages reproduction of the “less fit”
which means that epileptic, feebleminded couple or people
are not allowed to produce children.
Negative Eugenics
attempted to
document that crime was a family trait. So he Study the Jukes family
Richard Dugdale
Mother of Criminals
Margarette Ada Jukes
-Coined the word Moron
-“Kallikak” Fam (feeble minded fam)
- Inheritcance of feeble mindedness can appear soon
Henry Goddard
-Studied Edwards Fam
- Studied Family influence
Albert Edwards Winship
-Debunk Dugdale’s claims that Criminality is based on Environment
- Claims Criminality is based on Genes
Arthur Estabrook
How many chromosomes are there?
24 chromosomes, the last two determine the gender
MZ
Identical Twins
DZ
2 egg twins
-Study same sex twins
- He states that MZ commit more crime than DZ
-Genetic Influence Crime
Johannes Lange
- Conducts Larger Study than Johannes Lange
- Same Results as Lange
Karl Christiansen
- 60% genetic factors 20% Peer influence 20% non-shared environmental resources
- Same results as Lange
David Rowe
The behavior of adoptees is compared with the outcomes of their adopted and biological parents.
Adoption Studies
Adoptees that have biological criminal parents more likely to commit Property Crimes.
- Most are male adoptee
Mednick, Gabrielli, Hutchings
Male Hormones
Androgens
Female Hormones
Estrogens
Female Hormones For pregnancy and mentsruation
Progesterone
Discovered hormones related to criminal behavior
-More testosterone more agressive
Shlapp and Smith
Young males with high testosterone = more verbal aggresion
Schalling
- Evolutionary Neurocardiogenic Theory
- Connect to Charles Darwin
- Competence - victimizing “result of natural selection” & “ papatay para maka survive”
- Introduce female progesterone (Depo - provera) to reduce sex offenders.
Ellis
results of aggression of females
-mitigating factor in violent offenses
Premenstrual syndrome & Premenstrual Dsyphoric Disorder
are chemicals that transmit
messages between brain cells
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit
messages between brain cells, called ________?
neurons
which is associated with the body’s fight-or-flight
response
Norepinephrine,
which plays a role in thinking and learning, motivation, sleep,
attention, and feelings of pleasure and reward
Dopamine,
which impacts many functions, such as sleep, sex drive, anger,
aggression, appetite, and metabolism.
Serotonin
High Norepinephrine+ low Dopamine + low Serotonin = _________?
Aggresion
Ethanol induces Hypoglycemia and increase aggresion
-ethanol make your sugar level low and youll be aggresive
Virkkunen
antisocial such as truancy and low IQ
Hypoglycemia
- concluded that behavioral problems may originate in the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal
- hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal regulate the production of important
hormones.
Diana Fishbein
crime bio factors combined with antisocial factors
E.O Wilson
