CRIM103 quiz 1 Flashcards by Kokoryu Kasendailyty

refers to a plausible or scientifically
acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to
explain phenomena.”

Theory

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means making something occur or being
the underlying reason why something happened.

Causation

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is the act of causing or producing an
effect or a result.

Causation

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crime asserted a linkage between
certain biological conditions and an increased tendency to engage
in criminal behavior.

Biological Theory

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refer
to biological factors that are inherited.

Genetic Factors

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more inclusive, consisting of physiological,
biochemical, neurological, and genetic factors.

Biological Factors

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also known as determinism

Positivism

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moving from the
general to the specific

deductive framework

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focuses on linking
criminal behavior to social conditions.

Sociological Positivism

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indicates that there is a cure for
criminality.

Individual Positivism

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believes that criminal behavior is treatable but
not curable.

Sociological Positivism

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Coined for the word positivism

Auguste Comte

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Father of Modern Criminology

Cesare Lombroso

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It includes the study of the relationship of physique,
heredity, constitutionalism or body-type to crime.

Biological Positivism

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theorize that crime was often
the result of poor education.

Plato

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Punishment for crime should serve as a
deterrent to others.

Aristotle

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Phytagoras first to advocate
this practice, known as

Physiognomy

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The term physiognomy comes from the Greek words
_______, meaning nature, and _______, meaning to judge or to interpret.

Physis and gnomon

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It refers to the evaluation of a person’s personality or character

Physiognomy Theory

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concluded that appearance and character were related.

Giambattista De la Porta

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He concluded that one could determine criminal behavior
through an examination of a person’s eyes, ears, nose,
chin, and facial shape. (Facial Fragments)

Johann Lavater

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According to him, The nature of the crime is related to the personality of an individual.

Jacob Fries

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from the Greek words phren, meaning mind, and logos, meaning
knowledge

Phrenology

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based on the belief that human behavior originated in the
brain.

Phrenology

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Sanguine (blood), seated in the liver and associated with ______ and ______?

Courage and love

Choleric (yellow bile), seated in the gall bladder and associated with _______ and _______?

Anger and bad Temper

Melancholic (black bile), seated in the spleen and associated with ______?

Sadness

Phlegmatic (phlegm), seated in the brain and lungs and associated with ?

Calmness

developed the practice of Cranioscopy

Franz Joseph Gall

a person's strengths, weaknesses, morals, proclivities, character, and personality could be determined by physical characteristics of skull and fissures.

Cranioscopy by Franz Joseph Gall

Gall mapped out the location of _____ “brain organs” on the human skull. A bump or depression in a particular area of the skull would indicate a strength or weakness in that particular area.

a German physician and student of Gall, actually coined the term "phrenology" to replace "cranioscopy".

Johann Spurzheim

Spurzheim created a model “___________” that depicted the location of the brain organs.

Phrenology Bust

are individuals who are easily influenced by great emotions like fit to anger.

Criminal By Passion

are those who commit crime due to abnormalities or psychological disorders. They should be exempted from criminal liability.

Insane criminals-

the belief that being criminal behavior is inherited.

Born Criminal

a person who commit crime due to less physical stamina/ self control.

Crminaloid

are those who commit crime de to insignificant reasons that pushed them to do at a given occasion.

Occasional Criminals

Father of Empirical [Scientific] Criminology.

Cesare Lombroso

- are those who kill in self defense.

Pseudo Criminals

Physique Theory (Aesthetic type, Athletic Type, Pyknic Type, Mixed )

Ernst Kretschmer

spent 12 years conducting research into the criminal nature of man to disprove Goring and to support Lombroso.

Earnest Hooten

Developed and tested Somatotyping (ectomorph, Mesomorph, Endomorph)

William Sheldon

Father of Genetics and Discovered that genes can be inherited using experiments with plants.

Gregor Mendel

Theory of evolution

Charles Darwin

It encourages the reproduction of the “more fit” which means that good or intelligent people are more favored to produce children.

Positive Eugenics

Theory of Eugenics

Francis Galton

It discourages reproduction of the “less fit" which means that epileptic, feebleminded couple or people are not allowed to produce children.

Negative Eugenics

attempted to document that crime was a family trait. So he Study the Jukes family

Richard Dugdale

Mother of Criminals

Margarette Ada Jukes

-Coined the word Moron -"Kallikak" Fam (feeble minded fam) - Inheritcance of feeble mindedness can appear soon

Henry Goddard

-Studied Edwards Fam - Studied Family influence

Albert Edwards Winship

-Debunk Dugdale's claims that Criminality is based on Environment - Claims Criminality is based on Genes

Arthur Estabrook

How many chromosomes are there?

24 chromosomes, the last two determine the gender

Identical Twins

2 egg twins

-Study same sex twins - He states that MZ commit more crime than DZ -Genetic Influence Crime

Johannes Lange

- Conducts Larger Study than Johannes Lange - Same Results as Lange

Karl Christiansen

- 60% genetic factors 20% Peer influence 20% non-shared environmental resources - Same results as Lange

David Rowe

The behavior of adoptees is compared with the outcomes of their adopted and biological parents.

Adoption Studies

Adoptees that have biological criminal parents more likely to commit Property Crimes. - Most are male adoptee

Mednick, Gabrielli, Hutchings

Male Hormones

Androgens

Female Hormones

Estrogens

Female Hormones For pregnancy and mentsruation

Progesterone

Discovered hormones related to criminal behavior -More testosterone more agressive

Shlapp and Smith

Young males with high testosterone = more verbal aggresion

Schalling

- Evolutionary Neurocardiogenic Theory - Connect to Charles Darwin - Competence - victimizing "result of natural selection" & " papatay para maka survive" - Introduce female progesterone (Depo - provera) to reduce sex offenders.

Ellis

results of aggression of females -mitigating factor in violent offenses

Premenstrual syndrome & Premenstrual Dsyphoric Disorder

are chemicals that transmit messages between brain cells

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit messages between brain cells, called ________?

neurons

which is associated with the body's fight-or-flight response

Norepinephrine,

which plays a role in thinking and learning, motivation, sleep, attention, and feelings of pleasure and reward

Dopamine,

which impacts many functions, such as sleep, sex drive, anger, aggression, appetite, and metabolism.

Serotonin

High Norepinephrine+ low Dopamine + low Serotonin = _________?

Aggresion

Ethanol induces Hypoglycemia and increase aggresion -ethanol make your sugar level low and youll be aggresive

Virkkunen

antisocial such as truancy and low IQ

Hypoglycemia

- concluded that behavioral problems may originate in the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal - hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal regulate the production of important hormones.

Diana Fishbein

crime bio factors combined with antisocial factors

E.O Wilson