Crim 103 psychology Flashcards
It is centered on the notion that an individuals early childhood experiences influences his or her likelihood for commiting future crimes.
Psychodynamic theory
argues that behavior is
learned. Also referred to as social learning theory, behavioral
theory holds that actions are determined largely by life
experiences
Behavioral Theory
based on the idea
that cognitive processes are at the center of behaviors,
thoughts and emotions.
Cognitive Theory
refers to the
psychology of mental or emotional forces or processes developing
especially in early childhood and their effects on behavior and mental
states
Psychodynamics
Freud thought that
human behavior, including, violent behavior, was the product of
“unconscious” forces operating within a person’s mind.
Psychoanalytic Theory
This is the first psychosexual stage in which the
infant’s source of id gratification is the mouth.
Oral Stage (0-18 Months)
It consists of whatever sensations and experiences you
are aware of at a given moment of time.
The Conscious Level
This domain is sometimes called available memory
that encompasses all experiences that are not conscious at the moment, but
which can easily be retrieved into awareness either spontaneously or with a
minimum of effort. Examples might include memories of everything you did last
Saturday night, all the towns you ever lived in, your favorite books, or an
argument you had with a friend yesterday.
The Preconscious Level.
It is the deepest and major stratum of the human
mind.
The Unconscious Level
- felt that exposure
to stressful social environments did not automatically produce crime or
violence. - felt that stress only
produced crime in those who had a particular mental state known as
latent delinquency.
August Aichorn
2 kinds of delequency
Latent delequency - nasa utak pa lang ng bata
Manifest delequency - ginagawa na
there is a conflict between ego and super ego, as
well as the inability to control impulsive and pleasure-seeking
drives, because these influences are rooted in early childhood
and later reinforced through reactions to familial and social
stresses.
- crime because of family and social stresses
- personality conflicts
David Abrahamsen
- General Emotionality Theory
- many offenses can be traced to either in excess or a deficiency of a
particular instinct which accounts for the tendency of many criminals
to be weak willed or easily led. - Callous type of offenders may be due to the
deficiency in the primitive emotion of love and an excuse of the
instinct of hate.
Cyril Burt (study of young delequent)
Individual Delinquency
- crime happen because of pain
-conducted a study of 105 pairs of brothers.
- Parent favoritism
- between two siblings. The criminal usually have less favor by parents.
William Healy
- A person is emotionally matured if he has learned to
control his emotion effectively - An emotionally immature person rebels against rules and
regulations, engages in usual activities and experiences a feeling of
guilt due to inferiority complex. (Sadboi)
Walter Bromberg.
personality is biologically based and that it has
personality traits dimensions, namely:
1. Extraversion
2. Neuroticism
3. Psychotism
Hans Eysenck
It refers to a biological need individuals have for
high or low levels of environmental stimulation
Extraversion
It refers to the stability of personality and a high
neuroticism score would represent someone who is more reactive and
volatile and perhaps more likely to engage in offending behavior.
Neuroticism
It relates to the degree to which somebody is anti-
social, aggressive and uncaring.
Psychoticism
Attachment Theory
Affectionless Psychopathy
Kapag ang bata iniwan ng magulang noong bata pa lalaki syang careless
John Bowly
believed that short-term separation from an
attachment figure leads to distress (i.e., the PDD model). The three progressive
stages of distress under PDD model are:
1. Protest
2. Despair
3. Detatchment
Robertson and Bowlby
The child cries, screams and protests angrily when the parent leaves.
They will try to cling on to the parent to stop them from leaving.
Protest
The child’s protesting begins to stop, and they appear to be calmer
although still upset. The child refuses others’ attempts for comfort and often
seems withdrawn and uninterested in anything.
Despair
If separation continues the child will start to engage
with other people again. They will reject the caregiver on their return
and show strong signs of anger.
Detatchment
- Physique and
Delinquency Study
the major causes of delinquency are “problems in the home”
(parental separation, parental drunkenness, physical or mental ailments, poor
home management, lack of child supervision, little show of affection),and so forth.
Sheldon Glueek
Coined “Identity Crisis”
Sinundan si Sigmund Freud. But focuses hanggang mamatay ang tao. (8 stages)
- Psychosocial Theory of Development.
Erik Erikson
infants must
learn that adults can be trusted. This occurs when adults meet a child’s basic
needs for survival.
Kawalan ng tiwala can lead to crime.
Hopes: Trust Vs. Mistrust
This is the “me do it” stage.
Will: autonomy vs. Shame/doubt
they are capable of initiating activities and asserting control over their
world through social interactions and play.
children will develop self-confidence and feel a
sense of purpose. Those who are unsuccessful at this stage-with their initiative
misfiring or stifled by over-controlling parents-may develop feelings of guilt.
Purpose: Initiative Vs. Guilt
Children begin to compare themselves with their peers to see
how they measure up.
Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority
Adolescents struggle with questions such as “Who am I?” and
“What do I want to do with my life?
Fidelity: Identity role vs. confusion
we are ready to share
our life with others. However, if other stages have not been successfully
resolved, young adults may have trouble developing and maintaining
successful relationships with others. Erikson said that we must have a
strong sense of self before we can develop successful intimate
relationships.
Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation
known as middle adulthood
- involves finding your life’s work and contributing to the development of others
through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children.
Care: Generativity vs. Stagnation
people in late adulthood reflect on their lives and feel either a sense of
Satisfaction or a sense of failure.
Wisdom: Integrity vs. Despair
Who Made Theory of Moral Development?
Lawrence Kohlberg
This stage includes
the use of punishment, so that the person refrains from doing the
action and continues to obey the rules. For example, we follow
the law because we do not want to go to jail.
Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience Orientation
- In this stage, the
person is said to judge the morality of an action based on how it
satisfies the individual needs of the doer - Pag ginawa ko to ano makukuha ko?
Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation.
In this stage, a person
judges an action based on the societal roles and social expectations
before him. This is also known as the “interpersonal relationships”
phase.
- gawa ka mabuti para mabait tingin sayo
Stage 3: Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation.
This stage includes
respecting the authorities and following the rules, as well as doing a
person’s duty.
Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation.
In this stage, the
person looks at various opinions and values of different
people before coming up with the decision on the morality
of the action.
Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation
The final
stage of moral reasoning, this orientation is when a person considers
universally accepted ethical principles. The judgment may become
innate and (may even violate the laws and rules as the person
becomes attached to his own principles of justice).
Universal Ethical Principles Orientation
Social Information Process Theory (SIP)
- MALI ANG PAG INTINDI SA MGA BAGAY KAYA NAGIGING AGGRESSIVE.
Kenneth Dodge and Nicki Crick
means that people are trying to read a
situation.
Encoding
the child starts to interpret the situation and the
behavior of the other person.
Making Attributions
the child is searching for
how to respond to the situation.
Generating Potential Responses.
Now that there is a potential solution to the problem, the
child decides whether or not this solution is the best.
Decision Making
the child does what he or she has selected as the
best way to act in the situation.
Enactment.
Who discovered IQ?
Alfred Binet
Inayos ang binet scale at tinawag na Simon-Binet scale
Lewis M. Terman
violent offenders
consistently had low IQ scores.
Deborah Denno (DD)
found out that low IQ correlates
more strongly with arrests and imprisonment than with self-reported
crime, which has been taken as evidence for the detection hypothesis-
that
low-IQ criminals get caught more easily.
Hirschi and Hindelang
also known as psychoneurosis or neurotic disorder
-class of functional mental disorder involving
distress but neither delusions nor hallucinations
Neurosis
It means abnormal condition of the mind and is a generic
psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a “loss of contact
with reality.”
Psychosis
Papasa ba?
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