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Ultimate Awesome Spanish Aa and Ab Review (Grammar) > Creating Verbs and Their Stem Endings > Flashcards

Creating Verbs and Their Stem Endings Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you create a present indicative verb?

A

By adding the corresponding present indicative endings to the stem of the verb.

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2
Q

What are the verb endings for a present indicative -AR verb?

A

o
as
a

amos
áis
an

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3
Q

What are the verb endings for a present indicative -ER verb?

A

o
es
es

emos
éis
en

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4
Q

What are the verb endings for a present indicative -IR verb?

A

o
es
e

imos
ís
en

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5
Q

How do you create a preterite indicative verb?

A

By adding the corresponding preterite indicative endings to the stem of the verb.

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6
Q

What are the verb endings for a preterite indicative -AR verb?

A

é
aste
ó

amos
asteis
aron

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7
Q

What are the verb endings for preterite indicative -ER & -IR verbs?

A

í
iste
ió

imos
isteis
ieron

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8
Q

How do you create an imperfect indicative verb?

A

Take the verb stem and add the corresponding imperfect stem endings.

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9
Q

What are the imperfect stem endings for -AR verbs?

A

aba
abas
aba

ábamos
abais
aban

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10
Q

What are the imperfect stem endings for -ER and -IR verbs?

A

ía
ías
ía

íamos
íais
ían

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11
Q

What are the stem endings of a preterite tense and imperfect tense -AR verb?

A

hablar (to speak)

preterite: "I said"
habl-é
habl-aste
habl-ó
habl-amos
habl-asteis 
habl-aron 
imperfect: "I was saying; I said (habitually)"
habl-aba 
habl-abas
habl-aba
habl-abámos 
habl-abais 
habl-aban
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12
Q

What are the stem endings of a preterite tense and imperfect tense -ER verb?

A

comer (to eat)

preterite: "I ate" 
com-í
com-iste 
com-ío 
com-imos 
com-isteis 
com-ieron 
imperfect: "I was eating; I ate (habitually)" 
com-ía
com-ías
com-ía
com-íamos
com-íais
com-ían
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13
Q

What are the stem endings of a preterite tense and imperfect tense -IR verb?

A

pedir: to ask for, to order
preterite: “I asked for; I ordered”

ped-í
ped-iste
*pid-ío* 
ped-ímos
ped-ís
*pid-ieron*

*remember that, in the preterite, IR stem changing verbs do change in the third person singular and plural.

imperfect:
ped-ía
ped-ías
ped-ía
ped-íamos
ped-íais
ped-ían
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14
Q

How do you create a present subjunctive verb?

A

Take the present indicative “yo” form of the verb, delete the “o”, and add the subjunctive endings.

Using the “yo” form of the present indicative verb assures that any irregularities (such as stem changes) are automatically carried over into the present subjunctive forms.

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15
Q

What are the stem endings to a present subjunctive -AR verb?

A

e
es
e

emos
éis
en

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16
Q

What are the stem endings to a present subjunctive -ER and -IR verbs?

A

a
as
a

amos
áis
an

17
Q

How do you create a future indicative verb?

A

Add the future tense endings (all the same for -ar, -er, and -ir) to the infinitive form of the verb.

18
Q

What are the stem endings to a future indicative -AR, -ER and -IR verbs?

A

é
ás
á

emos
éis
án

_____

hablar - to speak

hablaré
hablarás
hablará

hablaremos
hablaréis
hablarán

19
Q

How do you create a present perfect indicative verb?

A
  • All perfect constructions (present perfect, past perfect, and present perfect subjunctive) are formed by combining the auxiliary verb “haber” with a past participle of a second verb. The only differences that occur in this conjugation are in “haber”
  • In the present perfect, haber is conjugated into the present tense. In the past perfect, it is conjugated into the imperfect. In the present perfect subjunctive, it is conjugated into present subjunctive.
20
Q

How do you form a past participle?

A

You form the past participle by removing the -ar, -er, and -ir endings from the verb and adding the following endings:

ar: -ado
trabajar -> trabajado

er and ir: -ido
conocer -> conocido

*Remember that the past participles remain the same through the perfect tenses, it is only the auxiliary verb “haber” that conjugates.

21
Q

What tense of “haber” is used for the present perfect tense? List its conjugations.

A

The present tense form of haber is used:

he
has
ha
hemos
habéis
han
22
Q

What tense of “haber” is used for the past perfect tense? List its conjugations.

A

The imperfect tense form of haber is used:

había
habías
había
habíamos
habíais
habían
23
Q

What tense of “haber” is used for the present perfect subjunctive tense? List its conjugations.

A

The present subjunctive form of haber is used:

haya
hayas
haya
hayamos
hayáis
hayan
24
Q

What does “ya” mean?

A

A lot of things, but in the past perfect tense it means “already” and usually immediately precedes the auxiliary verb “haber.”

25
Q

Conjugate the verb “hablar” into the past participle and then construct a sentence using it in the three perfect tenses:

A

hablar -> hablado

  • Yo he hablado con mi madre.
    I have spoken with my mom.
  • Ya había hablado con mi madre cuando ella llegó.
    I had already spoken with my mom when she arrived.
  • Dudo que ella haya hablado con mi madre.
    I doubt she has spoken with my mom.
26
Q

How do you create an imperfect subjunctive verb?

A

Take the preterite, third person plural form of the verb and then remove the “on” and add the imperfect subjunctive endings (all the same).

27
Q

What are the imperfect subjunctive stem endings?

A

a
as
a

amos
ais
an

28
Q

How do you create a conditional verb?

A

It is very similar to the future tense, where you add the conditional stem endings to the full infinitive, not just the stem, of regular -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs.

29
Q

What are the conditional stem endings?

A

ía
ías
ía

íamos
íais
ían

Ultimate Awesome Spanish Aa and Ab Review (Grammar) (11 decks)

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