Creating Verbs and Their Stem Endings Flashcards
How do you create a present indicative verb?
By adding the corresponding present indicative endings to the stem of the verb.
What are the verb endings for a present indicative -AR verb?
o
as
a
amos
áis
an
What are the verb endings for a present indicative -ER verb?
o
es
es
emos
éis
en
What are the verb endings for a present indicative -IR verb?
o
es
e
imos
ís
en
How do you create a preterite indicative verb?
By adding the corresponding preterite indicative endings to the stem of the verb.
What are the verb endings for a preterite indicative -AR verb?
é
aste
ó
amos
asteis
aron
What are the verb endings for preterite indicative -ER & -IR verbs?
í
iste
ió
imos
isteis
ieron
How do you create an imperfect indicative verb?
Take the verb stem and add the corresponding imperfect stem endings.
What are the imperfect stem endings for -AR verbs?
aba
abas
aba
ábamos
abais
aban
What are the imperfect stem endings for -ER and -IR verbs?
ía
ías
ía
íamos
íais
ían
What are the stem endings of a preterite tense and imperfect tense -AR verb?
hablar (to speak)
preterite: "I said" habl-é habl-aste habl-ó habl-amos habl-asteis habl-aron
imperfect: "I was saying; I said (habitually)" habl-aba habl-abas habl-aba habl-abámos habl-abais habl-aban
What are the stem endings of a preterite tense and imperfect tense -ER verb?
comer (to eat)
preterite: "I ate" com-í com-iste com-ío com-imos com-isteis com-ieron
imperfect: "I was eating; I ate (habitually)" com-ía com-ías com-ía com-íamos com-íais com-ían
What are the stem endings of a preterite tense and imperfect tense -IR verb?
pedir: to ask for, to order
preterite: “I asked for; I ordered”
ped-í ped-iste *pid-ío* ped-ímos ped-ís *pid-ieron*
*remember that, in the preterite, IR stem changing verbs do change in the third person singular and plural.
imperfect: ped-ía ped-ías ped-ía ped-íamos ped-íais ped-ían
How do you create a present subjunctive verb?
Take the present indicative “yo” form of the verb, delete the “o”, and add the subjunctive endings.
Using the “yo” form of the present indicative verb assures that any irregularities (such as stem changes) are automatically carried over into the present subjunctive forms.
What are the stem endings to a present subjunctive -AR verb?
e
es
e
emos
éis
en
What are the stem endings to a present subjunctive -ER and -IR verbs?
a
as
a
amos
áis
an
How do you create a future indicative verb?
Add the future tense endings (all the same for -ar, -er, and -ir) to the infinitive form of the verb.
What are the stem endings to a future indicative -AR, -ER and -IR verbs?
é
ás
á
emos
éis
án
_____
hablar - to speak
hablaré
hablarás
hablará
hablaremos
hablaréis
hablarán
How do you create a present perfect indicative verb?
- All perfect constructions (present perfect, past perfect, and present perfect subjunctive) are formed by combining the auxiliary verb “haber” with a past participle of a second verb. The only differences that occur in this conjugation are in “haber”
- In the present perfect, haber is conjugated into the present tense. In the past perfect, it is conjugated into the imperfect. In the present perfect subjunctive, it is conjugated into present subjunctive.
How do you form a past participle?
You form the past participle by removing the -ar, -er, and -ir endings from the verb and adding the following endings:
ar: -ado
trabajar -> trabajado
er and ir: -ido
conocer -> conocido
*Remember that the past participles remain the same through the perfect tenses, it is only the auxiliary verb “haber” that conjugates.
What tense of “haber” is used for the present perfect tense? List its conjugations.
The present tense form of haber is used:
he has ha hemos habéis han
What tense of “haber” is used for the past perfect tense? List its conjugations.
The imperfect tense form of haber is used:
había habías había habíamos habíais habían
What tense of “haber” is used for the present perfect subjunctive tense? List its conjugations.
The present subjunctive form of haber is used:
haya hayas haya hayamos hayáis hayan
What does “ya” mean?
A lot of things, but in the past perfect tense it means “already” and usually immediately precedes the auxiliary verb “haber.”
Conjugate the verb “hablar” into the past participle and then construct a sentence using it in the three perfect tenses:
hablar -> hablado
- Yo he hablado con mi madre.
I have spoken with my mom. - Ya había hablado con mi madre cuando ella llegó.
I had already spoken with my mom when she arrived. - Dudo que ella haya hablado con mi madre.
I doubt she has spoken with my mom.
How do you create an imperfect subjunctive verb?
Take the preterite, third person plural form of the verb and then remove the “on” and add the imperfect subjunctive endings (all the same).
What are the imperfect subjunctive stem endings?
a
as
a
amos
ais
an
How do you create a conditional verb?
It is very similar to the future tense, where you add the conditional stem endings to the full infinitive, not just the stem, of regular -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs.
What are the conditional stem endings?
ía
ías
ía
íamos
íais
ían
