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Ultimate Awesome Spanish Aa and Ab Review (Grammar) > Chapter 7 - The Preterite Tense; Irregular Preterite Verbs; Direct Object Pronouns; Tú Commands > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - The Preterite Tense; Irregular Preterite Verbs; Direct Object Pronouns; Tú Commands Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the preterite tense?

A

The Spanish tense that is used to talk about actions in the past.

More specifically, it is used to talk about:
- actions that occurred and were completed in the past.
Me desperté, leí el periódico y salí para el gimnasio.
I woke up, read the newspaper and left for the gym.

  • conditions or states that existed completely within the past.
    Estuve muy cansada ayer.
    I was very tired yesterday.
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2
Q

How do you form a preterite indicative verb?

A

Attach the preterite -AR, -ER, or -IR endings to the infinitive stem.

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3
Q

What are the preterite -AR stem endings?

A

é
aste
ó

amos
asteis
aron

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4
Q

What are the preterite -ER and -IR stem endings?

A

í
iste
ió

imos
isteis
ieron

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5
Q

What forms of the preterite are accented?

A

Yo and ust/el/ella. (1st and 3rd person)

Ex:
Bailé
Bailó

Comí
Comió

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6
Q

When conjugated to the preterite, do present tense stem changing verbs also change their stems?

A

Only -IR verbs maintain their stem change in the preterite, and even they only reflect this in the 3rd person (both singular and plural).

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7
Q

Verbs that end in -car, -gar, and -zar change their spelling in the preterite in order to accommodate pronunciation. How do they change?

A
  • car: c > qu = sacar > sacqué
  • gar: g > gu = llegar > llegué
  • zar: z > c = cruzar > crucé
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8
Q

Conjugate “estar” into the preterite indicative:

A

estar:

estuve
estuviste
estuvo

estuvimos
estuvisteis
estuvieron

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9
Q

Conjugate “hacer” into the preterite indicative:

A

hacer:

hice
hiciste
hizo

hicimos
hicisteis
hicieron

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10
Q

Conjugate “ir” into the preterite indicative:

A

ir:

fui
fuiste
fue

fuimos
fuisteis
fueron

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11
Q

Conjugate “dar” into the preterite indicative:

A

dar:

di
diste
dio

dimos
disteis
dieron

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12
Q

Conjugate “ver” into the preterite indicative:

A

ver:

vi
viste
vio

vimos
visteis
vieron

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13
Q

Conjugate “decir” into the preterite indicative:

A

decir:

dije
dijiste
dijo

dijimos
dijisteis
dijeron

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14
Q

Conjugate “ser” into the preterite indicative:

A

ser:

fui
fuiste
fue

fuimos
fuisteis
fueron

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15
Q

Conjugate “traer” into the preterite indicative:

A

traer

traje
trajiste
trajo

trajimos
trajisteis
trajeron

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16
Q

What two common irregular verbs have the identical preterite forms?

A

ser and ir

17
Q

What is a direct object?

A

A direct object is a noun or noun phrase that receives the action of a verb:

I buy a book.
We invite our friends.

18
Q

What is a direct object pronoun?

A

A direct object pronoun is a pronoun that replaces the direct object noun in a sentence:

I buy it.
We invite them.

19
Q

How can you easily recognize a direct object in a sentence?

A

By asking “what” or “whom”?

“We buy what?” (a book/it)
“We invite whom?” (our friends/them)

20
Q

What are the direct object pronouns in Spanish?

A

me
te
lo/la

nos
os
los/las

21
Q

Where do direct object pronouns come in a sentence where a verb is used by itself?

A

They always come before a conjugated verb used by itself.

Me llamas el viernes, no?
You will call me on Friday, right?

Te invito a la fiesta.
I am inviting you to the fiesta.

22
Q

Where do direct object pronouns come in a sentence when an infinitive or present progressive are used?

A

It may come before the conjugated verb or it may be attached to the infinitive or to the present participle.

Te voy a llamar.
o
Voy a llamarte.
I am going to call you.

Te estoy llamando.
Estoy llamándote.
I am calling you.

23
Q

Where do direct object pronouns come when used with command forms?

A

They attach to the end of the affirmative command, but comes before a negative command.

Hagalo ahora, por favor.
Do it now, please.

No lo haga ahora, por favor.
Do not do it now, please.

24
Q

where do direct object pronouns come when used with reflexive verbs and their pronouns?

A

They reflexive pronouns always come before the direct object pronouns.

Me estoy lavando la cara con jabon.
I am washing my face with soap.
Me la estoy lavando con jabon.
I am washing it with soap.

Estoy lavándome la cara con jabon.
I am washing my face with soap.
Estoy lavándomela con jabon.
I am washing it with soap.

25
Q

How do you form tú commands?

A

There are two separate ways to form tú commands, depending on whether they are affirmative or negative.

  • To form an affirmative tú command, simply use the third person singular form of the verb.
    Bebe este leche, por favor.
    Me escribe una carta, hijo.
  • To form a negative tú command, take the affirmative tú command form and replace the final vowel with “es” for -AR verbs and with “as” for -ER and -IR verbs.

hablar:
affirmative: habla
negative: no hables

beber:
affirmative: bebe
negative: no bebas

26
Q

How do you form formal commands?

A

Take the ‘yo’ form in the present indicative, then remove the ‘o’ and add ‘e’ for -AR verbs and ‘a’ for -ER/-IR verbs.

poner: pongo > ponga

Add an “n” to make it plural:
poner: pongo > pongan

And add a “no” to make it a negative command:
poner: pongo > no ponga

27
Q

What are the positive and negative tú command forms of decir?

A

di

no digas

28
Q

What are the positive and negative tú command forms of hacer?

A

haz

no hagas

29
Q

What are the positive and negative tú command forms of ir?

A

ve

no vayas

30
Q

What are the positive and negative tú command forms of poner?

A

pon

no pongas

31
Q

What are the positive and negative tú command forms of salir?

A

sal

no salgas

32
Q

What are the positive and negative tú command forms of ser?

A

sé

no seas

33
Q

What are the positive and negative tú command forms of tener?

A

ten

no tengas

34
Q

What are the positive and negative tú command forms of venir?

A

ven

no vengas

Ultimate Awesome Spanish Aa and Ab Review (Grammar) (11 decks)

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