Chapter 7 - The Preterite Tense; Irregular Preterite Verbs; Direct Object Pronouns; Tú Commands Flashcards
What is the preterite tense?
The Spanish tense that is used to talk about actions in the past.
More specifically, it is used to talk about:
- actions that occurred and were completed in the past.
Me desperté, leí el periódico y salí para el gimnasio.
I woke up, read the newspaper and left for the gym.
- conditions or states that existed completely within the past.
Estuve muy cansada ayer.
I was very tired yesterday.
How do you form a preterite indicative verb?
Attach the preterite -AR, -ER, or -IR endings to the infinitive stem.
What are the preterite -AR stem endings?
é
aste
ó
amos
asteis
aron
What are the preterite -ER and -IR stem endings?
í
iste
ió
imos
isteis
ieron
What forms of the preterite are accented?
Yo and ust/el/ella. (1st and 3rd person)
Ex:
Bailé
Bailó
Comí
Comió
When conjugated to the preterite, do present tense stem changing verbs also change their stems?
Only -IR verbs maintain their stem change in the preterite, and even they only reflect this in the 3rd person (both singular and plural).
Verbs that end in -car, -gar, and -zar change their spelling in the preterite in order to accommodate pronunciation. How do they change?
- car: c > qu = sacar > sacqué
- gar: g > gu = llegar > llegué
- zar: z > c = cruzar > crucé
Conjugate “estar” into the preterite indicative:
estar:
estuve
estuviste
estuvo
estuvimos
estuvisteis
estuvieron
Conjugate “hacer” into the preterite indicative:
hacer:
hice
hiciste
hizo
hicimos
hicisteis
hicieron
Conjugate “ir” into the preterite indicative:
ir:
fui
fuiste
fue
fuimos
fuisteis
fueron
Conjugate “dar” into the preterite indicative:
dar:
di
diste
dio
dimos
disteis
dieron
Conjugate “ver” into the preterite indicative:
ver:
vi
viste
vio
vimos
visteis
vieron
Conjugate “decir” into the preterite indicative:
decir:
dije
dijiste
dijo
dijimos
dijisteis
dijeron
Conjugate “ser” into the preterite indicative:
ser:
fui
fuiste
fue
fuimos
fuisteis
fueron
Conjugate “traer” into the preterite indicative:
traer
traje
trajiste
trajo
trajimos
trajisteis
trajeron
What two common irregular verbs have the identical preterite forms?
ser and ir
What is a direct object?
A direct object is a noun or noun phrase that receives the action of a verb:
I buy a book.
We invite our friends.
What is a direct object pronoun?
A direct object pronoun is a pronoun that replaces the direct object noun in a sentence:
I buy it.
We invite them.
How can you easily recognize a direct object in a sentence?
By asking “what” or “whom”?
“We buy what?” (a book/it)
“We invite whom?” (our friends/them)
What are the direct object pronouns in Spanish?
me
te
lo/la
nos
os
los/las
Where do direct object pronouns come in a sentence where a verb is used by itself?
They always come before a conjugated verb used by itself.
Me llamas el viernes, no?
You will call me on Friday, right?
Te invito a la fiesta.
I am inviting you to the fiesta.
Where do direct object pronouns come in a sentence when an infinitive or present progressive are used?
It may come before the conjugated verb or it may be attached to the infinitive or to the present participle.
Te voy a llamar.
o
Voy a llamarte.
I am going to call you.
Te estoy llamando.
Estoy llamándote.
I am calling you.
Where do direct object pronouns come when used with command forms?
They attach to the end of the affirmative command, but comes before a negative command.
Hagalo ahora, por favor.
Do it now, please.
No lo haga ahora, por favor.
Do not do it now, please.
where do direct object pronouns come when used with reflexive verbs and their pronouns?
They reflexive pronouns always come before the direct object pronouns.
Me estoy lavando la cara con jabon.
I am washing my face with soap.
Me la estoy lavando con jabon.
I am washing it with soap.
Estoy lavándome la cara con jabon.
I am washing my face with soap.
Estoy lavándomela con jabon.
I am washing it with soap.
How do you form tú commands?
There are two separate ways to form tú commands, depending on whether they are affirmative or negative.
- To form an affirmative tú command, simply use the third person singular form of the verb.
Bebe este leche, por favor.
Me escribe una carta, hijo. - To form a negative tú command, take the affirmative tú command form and replace the final vowel with “es” for -AR verbs and with “as” for -ER and -IR verbs.
hablar:
affirmative: habla
negative: no hables
beber:
affirmative: bebe
negative: no bebas
How do you form formal commands?
Take the ‘yo’ form in the present indicative, then remove the ‘o’ and add ‘e’ for -AR verbs and ‘a’ for -ER/-IR verbs.
poner: pongo > ponga
Add an “n” to make it plural:
poner: pongo > pongan
And add a “no” to make it a negative command:
poner: pongo > no ponga
What are the positive and negative tú command forms of decir?
di
no digas
What are the positive and negative tú command forms of hacer?
haz
no hagas
What are the positive and negative tú command forms of ir?
ve
no vayas
What are the positive and negative tú command forms of poner?
pon
no pongas
What are the positive and negative tú command forms of salir?
sal
no salgas
What are the positive and negative tú command forms of ser?
sé
no seas
What are the positive and negative tú command forms of tener?
ten
no tengas
What are the positive and negative tú command forms of venir?
ven
no vengas
