Chapter 8 - More Irregular Preterite Verbs; -IR Preterite Stem Changes; Indirect Object Pronouns; Comparatives and Superlatives Flashcards
Conjugate “andar” into the preterite indicative tense:
andar:
anduve
anduviste
anduvo
anduvimos
anduvisteis
anduvieron
Conjugate “tener” into the preterite indicative tense:
tener:
tuve
tuviste
tuvo
tuvimos
tuvisteis
tuvieron
Conjugate “poder” into the preterite indicative tense:
poder:
pude
pudiste
pudo
pudimos
pudisteis
pudieron
Conjugate “poner” into the preterite indicative tense:
puse
pusiste
puso
pusimos
pusisteis
pusieron
Conjugate “saber” into the preterite indicative tense:
supe
supiste
supo
supimos
supisteis
supieron
Conjugate “hay” into the preterite indicative tense:
hubo (invariable)
Conjugate “querer” into the preterite indicative tense:
quise
quisiste
quiso
quisimos
quisisteis
quisieron
Conjugate “venir” into the preterite indicative tense:
vine
viniste
vino
vinimos
vinisteis
vinieron
Conjugate “traer” into the preterite indicative tense:
traje
trajiste
trajo
trajimos
trajisteis
trajeron
What is the difference in meaning in “conocer” between its present and preterite forms?
present: to know someone or something personally
preterite: to have met
What is the difference in meaning in “saber” between its present and preterite forms?
present: to know a fact or concept
preterite: to have found something out
What is the difference in meaning in “poder” between its present and preterite forms?
present: to be able to do something
preterite: to have accomplished something
What is the difference in meaning in “no poder” between its present and preterite forms?
present: to not be able to do something
preterite: to have tried and failed
What is the difference in meaning in “querer” between its present and preterite forms?
present: to want; to love
preterite: to have tried to do something
What is the difference in meaning in “no querer” between its present and preterite forms?
present: to not want; to not love
preterite: to have refused doing something
Do stem changing verbs carry their stem changes over to the preterite, as well?
Only stem changing verbs ending in -IR do, and even then they only reflect this in the third person (singular and plural).
dormir:
dormí
dormiste
*durmió
dormimos
dormisteis
*durmieron
preferir:
preferí
preferiste
prefirió
preferimos
preferisteis
prefirieron
What is an indirect object?
An indirect object is a noun that indicates for or to whom an action is done:
I bought a gift for Beatriz.
We asked the teachers a question.
What is an indirect object pronoun?
Indirect object pronouns are used to replace indirect object nouns:
I bought a gift for her.
We asked them a question.
How can you easily identify the indirect object pronoun in a sentence?
By asking “to or for whom”?
We bought a gift for whom?
We asked a question to whom?
What are the indirect object pronouns?
me
te
le (or “se,” when “lo/la” is used)
nos
os
les (or “se,” when “lo/la” is used)
Where does an indirect object pronoun come in a sentence where the conjugated verb is used alone?
It always come before the conjugated verb.
Te traje el periódico.
I brought you the newspaper.
Nos dieron un regalo bonito.
They gave us a nice gift.
Where does an indirect object pronoun come in a sentence where infinitive of present progressive verbs are used?
It comes before the conjugated verb, or it may be attached to the infinitive or the present participle.
Te voy a dar el libro.
Voy a darte el libro.
I am going to give you the book.
Te estoy comprando los zapatos.
Estoy comprándote los zapatos.
I am giving you the shoes.
Where does an indirect object pronoun come in a sentence where command forms are used?
It attaches to the end of an affirmative command, but comes before the verb of a negative command.
Cómprame el libro ahora, por favor.
Buy me the book now, please.
No me compre el libro ahora, por favor.
Do not buy me the book now, please.
What are comparatives and superlatives?
Comparatives compare two or more objects. Superlatives indicate that one object exceeds or stands above all others.
How are comparatives formed in Spanish?
Using “mas” or “menos” and, most of the time, “que” as the contrasting “than.”
Nouns:
Hay mas libros en esta tienda que en aquella.
There are more books in this store than in that one.
Adjectives:
Este libro es menos interesante que ese.
This book is less interesting than that one.
Verbs:
Yo leo menos que él.
I read less than him.
Adverbs:
Él lee más lentamente que yo.
He reads more slowly than me.
How do you structure sentences of comparison when the comparison is equal?
Equal comparisons use the “tan/tanto” + “como” construction:
Noun:
tanto + noun + como
Tengo tanto dinero como tú.
I have as much money as you.
Verb:
verb + tanto como
Compro tanto como tú.
I buy as much as you.
Adjective:
tan + adjective + como
Este reloj es tan caro como ese.
This watch is as expensive as that one.
Adverb:
tan + adverb + como
Pago mis cuentas tan rapidamente como tú.
I pay my bills as quickly as you.
How do you structure sentences of comparison when the comparison is unequal?
Unequal comparisons use the mas/menos +que construction:
Noun: mas/menos + noun + que Tengo mas dinero que tú. I have more money than you. Tengo menos tarjetas de credito que tú. I have less credit cards than you.
Verb:
mas/menos + que
Ella compra menos que yo, pero él compra mas que yo.
She buys less than me, but he buys more than me.
Adjective:
mas/menos + adjective + que
Este reloj es más caro que ese.
This was is more expensive than that one.
Adverb:
mas/menos + adverb + que
Ella paga sus cuentas mas rapidamente que yo.
She pays her bills more quickly than me.
Irregular comparatives: bueno to…
bueno > mejor
good > better
Irregular comparatives: malo to…
malo > peor
bad > worse
Irregular comparatives: joven to…
joven > menor
young > younger
Irregular comparatives: viejo to…
viejo > mayor
old > older
Irregular comparatives: bien to…
bien > mejor
well > better
Irregular comparatives: mal to…
mal > peor
badly > worse
How do you form a superlative in Spanish?
To say something is “very” or “extremely” something, add -ísimo to the end of an adjective. (If the adjective ends in a vowel, remove the vowel first).
facil > facilísimo
contento > contentísimo
To say that something is the “most” or “least” something, use the following formula:
article + noun + mas/menos + adjective + de
Roberto es el estudiante mas popular de la universidad.
Ellas son las dependientes mas trabajadoras del almacen.
** DO NOT use both of these; only one at a time is appropriate. **
