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neuro lectures > cranial nerves I - VI > Flashcards

cranial nerves I - VI Flashcards

1
Q

what are all 12 cranial nerves

A

olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
vagus
glossopharyngeal
vestibulocochlear
accessory
hypoglossol

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2
Q

what are the 3 functional types of sensory nerve fibre

A
  • somatic
  • special
  • autonomic
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3
Q

what are the 2 functional types of motor nerve fibre

A
  • somatic
  • autonomic
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4
Q

where is the somatic sensory system derived from

A

somites eg skin and muscle

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5
Q

what are special sensory fibres involved in

A

olfaction, visual, balance, taste, position & hearing

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6
Q

what are autonomic sensory fibres involved in

A

blood pressure, CO2 levels in blood, light coming into eye

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7
Q

where is the somatic motor system derived from

A

somites eg skin and muscle

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8
Q

what are autonomic motor fibres involved in

A

smooth muscle, cardiac, adrenal glands, focusing with eyes

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9
Q

what are collection of cell bodies in CNS calle

A

nuclei

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10
Q

what are collection of cell bodies in the PNS called

A

ganglia

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11
Q

how many cranial nerves

A

12 pairs
head and neck

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12
Q

how many spinal nerves

A

31 pairs

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13
Q

what is pns

A

nervous system outside the cns

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14
Q

what are most peripheral nerves attached to

A

the brain stem

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15
Q

what do cranial nerves do

A

carry sensory/motor/autonomic info between the brain and the head and neck
vagus nerve is the exception for this

contain different combinations of fibre types

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16
Q

which nerves have parasympathetic fibres

A

oculomotor (3)
facial (7)
glossopharyngeal (9)
vagus (10)

1973

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17
Q

what are higher cranial nerves closer to

A

the cerebrum

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18
Q

what are lower cranial nerves closer to

A

spinal cord

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19
Q

is there sympathetic fibres in the head and neck

A

yes but they’re not carried in cranial nerves

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20
Q

where are the nuclei for nerves III-XII

A

brain stem

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21
Q

what do cranial nerve nuclei do

A

either receive sensory / afferent input from the periphery or contain cells whose axons convey motor / efferent signals to the periphery

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22
Q

why do some nerves have 2 separate nuclei

A

because they have motor and sensory components
so they have a motor nucleus and a sensory nucleus

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23
Q

where do parasympathetic fibres arise from

A

from specific nuclei in the brain stem

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24
Q

where is olfactory nerve

A

attached to the brain , not the brain stem

comes through the cribriform plate and passes into the uncus of the temporal lobe

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25
function of olfactory nerve
sense of smell
26
what is CNI
olfactory
27
receptors in olfactory nerve
nasal cavity
28
describe route of olfactory nerve
axons travel through the cribriform plate -> olfactory bulb -> tracts -> temporal lobe
29
what system does olfactory nerve have connections with
limbic system
30
is olfactory nerve sensory or motor
sensory
31
what causes damage to olfactory nerve
commonly damaged in fractures to the anterior cranial fossa
32
what is CNII
optic nerve
33
where is optic nerve
attached to the brain, not the brain stem
34
function of optic nerve
vision
35
describe route of optic nerve
fibres travel from the retina to the primary visual cortex (cal carine sulcus, medial aspect of occipital lobe)
36
how to test optic nerve
1. visual acuity 2. visual fields 3. pupillary light reflex 4. fundoscopy - little ophthalmic scope to look into eye
37
how does the optic nerve enter the skull
through the optic canal
38
how does the optic nerve join the opposite cranial nerve
within the optic chiasm
39
what is eye chart called
smellen chart
40
describe optic nerve fibres
fibres are closely related to the latter geniculate body
41
what will a lesion affecting the left optic nerve do
cause total blindness in the left eye
42
what is normal pupillary light reflex
both pupils constrict when light is shone into either eye
43
what are nerves III,IV,VI
all motor control the extraocular muscles pass through the superior orbital fissure to enter the orbit
44
is oculomotor sensory or motor
motor
45
what is CNIII
oculomotor
46
what does oculomotor nerve innervate (6)
* Medial rectus * Superior rectus * Inferior rectus * Inferior oblique * Levator * Pupillary constrictors
47
function of oculomotor
carries parasympathetic fibres into the orbit > constrict the pupil Carries parasympathetic fibres from the Edinger-westphal nucleus in the tegmentum to the ciliary muscles (accommodation) and sphincter pupillary muscle (pupil constriction [PARASYMPATHETIC] to light/ accommodation) - Thus pupil dilation is SYMPATHETIC
48
parasympathetic functions of oculomotor nerve
* Pupil constriction * Accommodation - focusing to near or far objects * Lacrimal gland
49
what does oculomotor nerve run through
the cavernous sinus
50
how does oculomotor nerve maintain open eyelid
using the Levator Palpebrae Superioris muscle
51
where is nuclei of oculomotor
midbrain nerves exit at the junction between the midbrain and pons lose to posterior cerebral arteries
52
what is the pupillary light relfex
an autonomic reflex that constricts the pupil in response to light, thereby adjusting the amount of light that reaches the retina Pupillary constriction occurs via innervation of the iris sphincter muscle, which is controlled by the parasympathetic system
53
how to carry out pupillary light reflex
shine light into one eye ipsilateral pupil constricts - direct response contralateral pupil constricts = consesnual response
54
how to test oculomotor nerve
- test eye movements - test pupillary light reflex - test LPS
55
signs of lesion or problem with oculomotor nerve
- ptosis - lateral deviation of the eye - dilated pupil that does not constrict
56
what is CN IV
trochlear
57
is trochlear nerve sensory or motor
motor
58
what does trochlear nerve do
innervates Superior oblique ocular muscle
59
what does trochlear nerve run through
cavernous sinus
60
where is nuclei of trochlear
in midbrain
61
what is paralysis of SO
diplopia on looking down (double vision)
62
what is CNVI
abducens
63
is abducens nerve sensory or motor
motor
64
what does abducens innervates
lateral rectus ocular muscle
65
where is nuclei of abducens
in the pons
66
what is paralysis of LR or what does damage to abducens cause
medial deviation of the eye (unopposed action of medial rectum) unable to abduct the eye on examination
67
what is CNV
trigeminal
68
is trigeminal sensory or motor
it is both
69
what is trigeminal attached to
the pons
70
what are the 3 branches of trigeminal
ophthalmic maxillary mandibular
71
what do all 3 branches of trigeminal carry
sensory fibres - extensive distribution in the head
72
what does ophthalmic innervates
v1 superior orbital fissure exits through the superior orbital fissure - sensory from eye and upper face
73
what does maxillary innervates
v2 foremen rotundum exits through the foramen rotundum - sensory innervation to mid1/3 of face
74
what does mandibular innervate
v3 foremen ovale exits through the foramen ovale - sensory & motor (for mastication) - general sensation to anterior 2/3rds of tongue and inside cheek
75
where do trigeminal afferents meet
at meckels cave
76
which fibres does mandibular division carry
carries motor fibres to the muscles of mastication
77
what do branches of trigeminal carry in terms of sensory fibres
carry general sensation from the: - dura, face and scalp, cornea, nose and mouth - tongue - general sensation anterior 2/3 also carries proprioception from TMJ and muscles of mastification
78
how to test trigeminal (4)
test general sensation over the face compare left and right test the corneal reflex test muscles of the jaw test jaw jerk (reflex - doesn't require higher centres of the brain)
79
what does injury to trigeminal nerve cause
anaesthesia over the sensory distribution of the nerve l paralysis of the muscles of mastication
80
what is trigeminal neuralgia
damage to sensory ganglion results in: numb face and false input to the trigeminal nuclei resulting in spontaneous firing resulting in pain inside the face - sudden attacks - normally unilateral triggers - usually light touch to the face or wind cause unknown treatment - carbamazepine first line ; surgery may be required
81
what does trigeminal nerve run through
the cavernous sinus
82
what does damage of trigeminal nerve result in
in the loss of the corneal (blink) reflex on the affected eye
83
what is the corneal reflex
gently touching the cornea should result in blinking (contraction of orbicularis oculi)

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