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🄼 NEUROLOGY > Cranial Nerves & Disorders > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves & Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

[OLFACTORY] nerve

  1. Cranial Nerve # ?
  2. Foramen Traveled thru? >> What special structure sits on top of this “Foramen”?
  3. Component
  4. Main Structures/Function for each Component
A

[OLFACTORY] n.

  1. (CN1)
  2. [Ethmoid Cribriform Plate] (transmits CN1 tiny branches)>> which has [Crista Galli/ Crown of Cock] sitting on top projecting superiorly
  3. SVA
  4. SVA= Olfactory nasal mucosa / SMELL
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2
Q

[OPTIC] nerve

  1. Cranial Nerve # ?
  2. Foramen Traveled?
  3. Component
  4. Main Structures/Function for each Component
  5. Name the Nucleus and their location
A

[OPTIC] n.
1. CN2

  1. Optic Foramen canal
  2. SSA
  3. SSA= Vision (Rods & Cones)
  4. [Lateral Geniculate Nucleus] –>Thalamus
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3
Q

[OCULOMOTOR] nerve

  1. Cranial Nerve # ?
  2. Component [2]
  3. Function for each Component [2]
  4. Name the Nucleus and their location [2]
A

[OCULOMOTOR] n.

  1. CN3
  2. ## [GVE parasympathetic] and GSE
  3. A: [GVE psmp]=uses ciliary ganglion to innervate [ciliary muscle(fattens lens) & sphincter pupillae]–> Pupil constriction

  1. A: [Edinger-Westphal] nc: MIDBRAIN

B: Oculomotor nc: MIDBRAIN

Attached Image shows [Oculomotor CN3 lesion]

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4
Q

[TROCHLEAR] nerve

  1. Cranial Nerve # ?
  2. Foramen Traveled?
  3. Component
  4. Function for each Component
  5. Name the Nucleus and its location

3) Explain eye movement directionality of
[Inferior Oblique m.] & the [Superior Oblique m.]

A

[TROCHLEAR] n.

1) CN4
2) SUPerior Orbital fissure {CN 3,4,5B1,6}
3. GSE
4. GSE= SUPerior Oblique eyeball muscle
5. Trochlear nc—->MIDBRAIN

6) I O U O, SO DO
Inferior Oblique Up Out
Superior Oblique Down Out

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5
Q

[TriGeminal] nerve B1 vs. B2 vs. B3

  1. Cranial Nerve # ?
    * Components = GSA and SVE*

2A. Function of GSA

2B. Function of SVE (3)

  1. Name the Nucleus and their purposes [3]

B: UMN Corticobulbar lesions of [Trigeminal CN5] would manifest what jaw sx? (2)

C: LMN lesions of [Trigeminal CN5] would manifest what jaw sx? (2)

A

[TriGeminal] n.
1. CN5
——————————————————————————
3. GSA and SVE
——————————————————————————-
4.
•GSA=
Pain & Temp for Most Head & Face

•••SVE= [Motor to ALL mastication muscles (masseter + temporalis) via UMN corticobulbar control] + ANT Belly Digastric & [First Arch muscles reflex]

B: [Jaw weakness with no jaw deviation] + [Brisk Jaw Jerk Reflex]

C: [Jaw deviates to side of LMN lesion] + [Masseter/Temporalis muscle atrophy]

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6
Q

Describe what the GSA component of the
[Trigeminal/CN__] innervates?

ºB1/Opthalmic (2)

ºB2/Maxillary (3)

ºB3/mandibular (3)

B: What causes Trigeminal Neuralgia in younger vs. Older pts?

C: Clinical Manifestation

D: Tx (3)

A

[Trigeminal/CN5] ALL BRANCHES
GSA= face SENSORY

ºB1(upper face skin) + Corneal Reflex

ºB2(mid face skin, upper teeth,lower nose) /

ºB3 ([lower face/jaw/mouth], outer ear pinna,
ANT 2/3 tongue-Touch)

B: [Younger pts= MS / Older pts= Tortuous blood vessels compressing CN5]

C: [Lightning-like jabs of pain (mostly in B2 or B3 area)

D:

-[Anticonvulsants vs. Destroy nerve branch vs. move blood vessel]

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7
Q

* Chorda Tympani n. *
1) What Parent nerve does this come from and which Component is it?

2) What stuff does this innervate?
3) Where exactly does this nerve branch from its Parent?

A

“Drink 7 Up…You’ll TASTE it”

1) Facial CN7 [SVA]
2) [Tongue TASTE]
3) Branches from Facial CN7 BEFORE CN7 exits [Stylomastoid] process

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8
Q

[ABDUCENS] nerve

  1. Cranial Nerve # ?
  2. Component
  3. Main Structures/Function for each Component
  4. Name the Nucleus and its location
A

[ABDUCENS] n.

  1. CN6
  2. GSE
  3. GSE= motor to Lateral Rectus muscle {LR6}
  4. Abducens Nucleus —-> Pontomedullary junction in Pons
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9
Q

A: The [middle meningeal artery] transmits thru which foramen? ———————————————————————————

B:Describe LR6 (SO4) 3

A

A: Foramen Spinosum ———————————————————————————

B: ºLateral Rectus = CN6/Abducens ºSUPerior Oblique = CN4/Trochlear ºCN3/OCCULOMOTOR = ALL OTHER EYEBALL MUSCLES

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10
Q

Name the Nerve you’d use….

A: …To See

B: ….To “Focus” & accommodate after seeing [which associated muscle?]

C: …Looking at BRIGHT Light [which associated muscle?]

D: …lifting eyelids & opening eyes

E: ….FORCING ur eyes shut!

A

Nerve you’d use…

A:…to see= CN2/OPTIC

B:…to “Focus” & accommodate after seeing= CN3/Occulomotor [Ciliary muscle]

C: …looking @ BRIGHT light= CN3/Occulomotor [Sphincter Pupillae m.]

D:..lifting eyelids= CN3/Occulomotor [Levator Palpebrae m.]

E: …FORCING eyes shut!= Facial CN7

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11
Q

1) Which autonomic nerve system Dilates the pupil wide?
2) Which nerve system and muscle opens EYELIDS extra wide?

3) Explain eye movement directionality of
[Inferior Oblique m.] & the [Superior Oblique m.]

A

1) Sympathetic nervous system
2) Sympathetic nervous system

3) I O U O, SO DO
Inferior Oblique Up Out
Superior Oblique Down Out

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12
Q

List the 5 Components of [Facial CN7] and EACH of their purposes

  1. GVA
  2. SVA
  3. GVE [4]
  4. SVE [4]
  5. GSA
A

[Facial CN7] Components

  1. GVA= soft palate deep sensation—>[Lower NST]
  2. SVA=Tongue TASTE from anterior 2/3–> [upper NST]
  3. GSA= Pain & Temp of [Ear pinna] –>[Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus of V]
  4. [GVE]= motor to submand., subling, lacrimal & [nasal mucosa] glands—> [SUP salivary nucleus]
  5. SVE= motor to facial express muscle, POST belly digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius –> [motor nuc. of 7]
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13
Q

1) Petrous bone2)What parent bone is this bone found? 3) What is its clinical significance?

A

1) MOST DENSE cranial bone that [internal acoustic meatus] is found in2) Temporal bone3) Houses [internal acoustic meatus] where Facial CN7 transmits

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14
Q

The ____ ____n. gives way to the Pterygopalatine ganglion found from CN__. This in turn gives way to a n. tht travels to innervate the ____ and _____ glands

A

The GREATER PETROSAL n. gives way to Pterygopalatine ganglion found from CN7, which turns into a n. tht innervates the Lacrimal and Nasal mucosa glands

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15
Q

What occurs after the Facial CN7 exits the [internal auditory meatus] along with CN__ [3]

A

Once Facial CN7 exits [internal auditory meatus] (with [CN8/vestibulochoclear/auditory])1st - visceral motor fibers of Facial CN7 divides into [Grtr Petrosal n.] & [Chorda Tympani] 2nd- [Grtr Petrosal n.] innervates lacrimal, nasal & Palatine glands3rd- [Chorda Tympani] innervates submandibular & sublingual Salivary glands

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16
Q

1) Describe the Branchial Motor Component of the ___nerve [CN__] 2) What are the muscles of facial expression? [3]3) Which component does this belong to?

A

Branchial Motor Component of Facial CN7ºVoluntary MOTOR control of facial expression muscles, POST belly digastric, stylohyoid & stapedius2) Buccinator, BOTH Occipitalis, platysma 3) SVE

17
Q

1) Name nerves working in branchial motor component OF Facial CN7? [7]2) Which component does this belong to?

A

+ [POST auricular bnch] + [n. to POST Belly Digastric & Stylohyoid]THe=Temporal bnchZombie= Zygomatic bnchBit= Buccal bnchMy= Mandibular bnchCat= Cervical bnch 2) SVE

18
Q

A: What is Bell’s Palsy caused by? B: Pt that has Dry Mouth but still can cry has a lesion where at?

A

A: Facial CN7 irritation B: Facial Canal (somewhere between [Grtr Petrosal n.] and [Chorda Tympani n.] )

19
Q

[Vestibulocochlear Auditory] nerve1. Cranial Nerve # ?2. Foramen Traveled? 3. Component 4. Function for each Component [2]5. Name the Nucleus and their location [2]

A

[Vestibulocochlear Auditory] n.1. CN82. internal auditory meatus [along with CN7]3. SSA [cochlear n. vs. Vestibular n.]4. A: SSA cochlear = [Organ of Corti] in cochlear ductB: SSA vestibular = semicircular canals 5. A: (2 cochlear Nuclei)—> MEDULLAB: (4 Vestibular Nuclei)—-> MEDULLA

20
Q

[Glossopharyngeal] nerve

  1. Cranial Nerve # ?
  2. Foramen Traveled?
  3. Components and Nuclei associated

ºGVA [3]ºSVAºGVEºSVEºGSA

  1. Function for each Component
A

[Glossopharyngeal] n.

  1. CN9
  2. Jugular Foramen
  3. GVA[3] / SVA / GSA / GVE(hitches ride) / SVE
  4. ºGVA[3]=[bp via carotid sinus], [sensory soft palate], [pharynx(gag reflex)] —>{LOWER NST}

ºSVA= Tongue TASTE—-> {Upper NST} ºGSA= Pain & Temp of Ear Pinna (via [Spinal Trigeminal nucleus of V] )

ºGVE=“GLOAP”–> parotid salivary gland{secretomotor}—>{inf. salivatory nucleus]

ºSVE = Stylopharyngeaus m. —> [nucleus Ambiguous]

“GLOAP”= Glossopharyngeal n. uses [lesser petrosal n.] to get to otic ganglion—>then uses Auriculotemporal n. to get to PAROTID SALIVARY GLAND destination

21
Q

Which 3 Cranial Nerves transmit thru [Jugular Foramen]?

A

CN 9, 10 and 11

22
Q

Which 4 Cranial Nerves are Parasympathetic ?

A

3, 7, 9 and 10 = Parasympathetic CN =

23
Q

[VAGUS] nerve

  1. Cranial Nerve # ?
  2. Foramen Traveled?
  3. Components [5]
A

[VAGUS] n.

  1. CN10
  2. Jugular Foramen [along with 9,10,11]
  3. GVA / SVA / GSA / GVE / SVE
24
Q

A: What are is Function for each Component of the Vagus Nerve [CN__]
ºGVA [4]
ºSVA
ºGVE [2]
ºSVE [4]

ºGSA

B: List the Associated Nucleus with each

C: What are the 2 Vagus CN10 [SVE] branches & what do they innervate? Which one wraps around the Aortic Arch?

A

VAGUS n. = CN10

ºGVA= DEEP sensory to (ALET) abd, larynx, esophagus & trachea—> {Lower NST}

ºSVA= Taste buds @ epiglottis [back of throat]–> {upper NST}

ºGSA = Pain & Temp of Ear Pinna (via [Spinal Trigeminal nucleus of V] )

ºGVE= [smooth muscle respiratory or GI] & [controls HR via SA /AV node]—>{Dorsal Motor nc. of 10}

ºSVE—> Nucleus Ambiguous
1. All pharynx muscles (except stylopharyngeus)
2. All PALATE muscles (except tensor palatini )[includes Palatoglossus]
3. [Larynx & Cricothyroid]
———————————————————————————-
C: 2 SVE branches:
[SUP Laryngeal]–>[External laryngeal branch]
–>Cricothyroid

[Recurrent Laryngeal]—>Intrinsic Larynx*** = RL wraps around the Aortic Arch!

25
Q

[Spinal Accessory] nerve

  1. Cranial Nerve # ?
  2. Foramen Traveled?
  3. Component
  4. Function for each Component
  5. Name the Nucleus and its location
A

[Spinal Accessory]

  1. CN11
  2. Jugular Foramen AND Foramen Magnum
  3. SVE
  4. SVE=motor to Sternocleidomastoid & Traps
  5. [Spinal Accessory nucleus]—->(C1-C5)Spinal Cord
26
Q

Spinal accessory n. has a ___ root and a _____ root, both that consist of _____ motor fibers

A

Spinal Accessory n. has a CRANIAL root and a SPINAL root both which consist of BRANCHIAL motor fibers

27
Q

1) Explain which parts of the Spinal Accessory CN11 exit Jugular Foramen vs. Foramen Magnum?
2) What would cause an Ipsilateral deficit of the shoulder?

A

1) Brainstem exits via Jugular Foramen vs. [C1-5]Roots exit via Foramen Magnum
2) one sided spinal accessory CN11 lesion

28
Q

[Hypoglossal] nerve

  1. Cranial Nerve # ?
  2. Component
  3. Function for each Component [2]
  4. Name the Nucleus and its location
A

[Hypoglossal] n.

  1. CN12
  2. GSE
  3. GSE= Intrinsic/EXtrinsic tongue muscles mvmnt (Genioglossus m. protrude L & R halves to the tongue forward)
  4. Hypoglossal Nucleus —> Rostral MEDULLA
29
Q

A: All muscles ending with “…..glossus” are innervated by the ________ n. EXCEPT FOR THE ____ n.!

B: Lesion of the [Upper Motor Neuron] for this CN would manifest how?

C: Lesion of the [lower Motor Neuron] for this CN would manifest how?

D: Why are [Upper Motor Neuron] lesions of this CN often asx?

A

All muscles ending with “….glossus” are innervated by HYPOGLOSSAL CN12 n. EXCEPT FOR [PALATOGLOSSUS n.]

B: Weak Protruding tongue points away from lesion= [Upper Motor CN12 neuron]

C: Weak Protruding tongue points tO Lesion = [lOwer motor CN12 lesion] = YOU LICK YOUR WOUNDS! (comes from [genioglossus atrophy], fibrillations and fasciculations)

D: In most pts, UMN lesions don’t cause weakness/tongue deviation since motor cortex controls ipsilateral and contralateral hypoglossal nuclei

image below depicts an Upper motor neuron lesion = away from lesion

30
Q

Name which nerve is lesioned in these dz

A: Tongue weak on one side
B: Shoulder Weak on one side
C: Bells Palsy/Facial Droop
D: Acute Cross-eyed (abducent Direction of gaze in 1 eye)

E: Down & Out gaze with dilated pupil in 1 eye

A

A: [Hypoglossal CN12] lesion

B: [Spinal Accessory CN11] lesion
C: [Facial CN7] palsy

D: [Abducens CN6] palsy

E: [Occulomotor CN3] palsy

31
Q

Name the 12 Cranial Nerves in Order

A

” Oh, oh, Oh to touch and feel A Guy’s Vein…Such Heaven”
CN1. Olfactory
CN2. optic
CN3. Occulomotor
CN4. Trochlear
CN5. Trigeminal

CN6. Abducens
CN7. Facial

CN8. AcoustoVestibulocochlear

CN9. Glossopharyngeal

CN10. VAGUS
…….
CN11. Spinal Accessory
CN12. Hypoglossal

32
Q

Describe These Cranial Nerve Componenents

ºGSE

ºGSA [3]

ºGVE / _______ [3]

ºGVA

ºSVE [2]

ºSVA [2]

ºSSA [3]

A

ºGSE= motor—>voluntary muscle

ºGSA= sensation FROM skin/muscle/joints

ºGVE/PARASYMPTHC=MOTOR to smooth muscle, [blood vessels] & glands

ºGVA= Visceral Sensation & pain FROM internal organs/Guts

ºSVE= voluntary motor —> [pharyngeal arch/Gill muscles] OR Facial Xpression m. !

ºSVA= TASTE & SMELL

ºSSA= vision / hearing / Balance

33
Q

Just Name the Functional Components for Each Cranial Nerve

  1. Olfactory
  2. Optic
  3. Occulomotor [2]
  4. Trochlear
  5. Trigeminal * [2]
  6. Abducens
  7. Facial * [5]
  8. AcoustoVestibulocochlear
  9. Glossopharyngeal [5]
  10. Vagus [5]
  11. Spinal Accessory
  12. Hypoglossal
A
  1. Olfactory = SVA
  2. Optic = SSA
  3. Occulomotor = GVE / GSE
  4. Trochlear = GSE
  5. Trigeminal = SVE / GSA
  6. Abducens= GSE
  7. Facial = GVA / SVA / GVE / SVE / GSA
  8. Acoustic/Vestibulocochlear = SSA
  9. Glossopharyngeal = GVA/ SVA / GVE / SVE / GSA
  10. Vagus= GVA / SVA / GVE / SVE / GSA
  11. Spinal ACCESSORY= SVE
  12. Hypoglossal = GSE
34
Q

Which Cranial Nerves are responsible in the following and why:

A: CHEWING Food

B: SWALLOWING food [2]

C: Talking :-)

A

A: CHEWING Food = [Trigeminal/CN5-B3]–> innervates Lateral & medial Pterygoids-

B: SWALLOWING Food= ºCN9–>motor to stylopharyngeus

*SVE component*º[CN10 Vagus]

C: Talking :-) = [CN10 Vagus] —-> Larynx

35
Q

” SVE Sara & Just ___ me 2 Geese!…and ____ some Gas GE!”

A

“SVE SSA & Just [GVE me 2 GSE]!…and dude [SVE some GSA] GE!

36
Q

Why are Brainstem infarction/hemorrhage/mass/tumor problematic for the Cranial Nerves?

A

Brainstem abnormaities often —>

COMBINED CN and fiber tract deficits

🄼 NEUROLOGY (23 decks)

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