11-24 Basic Overview Flashcards
Gray Mater is ____[Deep/Superficial] in the Cortex but [Deep/Superfiical] in the Spinal Cord.
B: what makes Gray Mater …Gray?
GRay Mater is SUPERFICIAL in Cortex but Deep in the Spinal Cord
Gray Mater = Collection of Cell Bodies with “nissel” substance that contains Rough ER= Gray color
What are the 6 Categories of Neurons?
B: The Lateral Horn/___ gives rise to _____ Fibers which correspond with the ____/___
- [Sensory Pseudounipolar] —> DRG
- Motor
- PREganglionic autonomic
- POSTganglionic autonomic
- Lateral Interneuron (MOST ABUNDANT)
- ## Projection neurons [relays from spinal cord to brain]B: Lateral horn/IML gives rise to SYMPATHETIC Fibers which correspond with AG/SCGT
A: Where are True Unipolar neurons found and what’s special about them?
B: Which cells can help peripheral nerves repair/regenerate? Which cells help Central nerves repair?
C: What are Microglia cells?
A: True Unipolar neurons = RETINA only! (THEY DON’T HAVE DENDRITES)
B: Schwann cells can regenerate peripheral nerves. NOTHING CAN REGENERATE CENTRAL NERVES!
C: Microglia = Glia Cells in Brain that act as WBC for Brain
A: [T or F] Oligodendrocytes can myelinate more than 1 axon at a time
B: [T or F] Cranial Nerves typically only utilize 1 nuclei each
A: TRUE!
B: FALSE! Some cranial nerves use MORE THAN 1 Nuclei! (think functional components)
A: Central Sulcus
B: Lateral Sylvian Sulcus
C: Which side of the Brain is ARtsy, EmoTiON, muSiC and CreATiVE??
B: [Lateral Sylvian Sulcus] = Separates Temporal Lobe from Parietal
C: RIGhT BraiNN is CreATiVE anD ArTSY
Explain the hemisphere patterns for Speech
*Speech is only in R hemisphere for R handed people
**speech is in BOTH HEMISPHERES FOR L handed people
A: Diencephalon = ____ + ______
B: Brainstem = ____+______+______
C: Which part of the Brainstem does the [Oculomotor CN3] run out of ?
D: Name the 5 important Basal Ganglia
A: Diencephalon = Thalamus + HYPOthalamus
B: Brainstem = Midbrain + PONS + Medulla
C: [Oculomotor CN3] runs out of the Midbrain!!
D:
- Caudate Nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus Pallidus
- Substantia Nigra
- Subthalamic Nucleus
Explain the Corpora Quadragemini
2 SUP COLLiculus = VISION
[twins :-) ]
2 inferior colliculus = hearing
Where is the [Insula Cortex] found and what is it responsible for?
[Insula Cortex] is DEEP to [Lateral Sylvian Sulcus] tucked away in temporal lobe = plays a role with “evil” addictions such as smoking habits
A: Commissure vs. Decussation
B: Contralateral Processing:
C: Explain Why Cervical & Lumbar Regions of Spinal Cord are ENLARGED
B: Sensory from L arm is processed in R hemisphere!
Motor control of L arm is processed in R hemisphere!
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C: Cervical & Lumbar Spinal Cord Regions are ENLARGED because there is [INC Nerve cell bodies] & [INC fibers/tracts] in order to innervate UE and LE
What are their functions?
A: SUP Temporal Gyrus
B: [Middle & inf Temporal Gyrus] (2)
A: SUP Temporal Gyrus = Auditory & SPEECH
B: [Middle & inf Temporal Gyrus]=
- Facial Recognition
- Perception of Moving Objects
A: In which Gyrus is the Broca’s motor speech area located?
B: ANTERIOR COMMISSURE
C: What is the space called located between Caudate Nucleus and Putamen and what does it do?
A: Broca’s= [inf Frontal Gyrus]
B: ANT Commissure = Fiber bundle that enables CONTRALATERAL communication
C: Internal Capsule = massive white fibers tht transmit info from Cerebral CortexForebrain/Brainstem/Spinal Cord
- Name the 3 Lobes of the Cerebellum and what types of input they each process?
- What is the Opex
- Crus Cerebri
-
Cerebellum
ºANT = Spinal Cord input
ºPOST (LARGEST) = CORTEX INPUT
ºFlocculonodular = vestibular input
———————————————————————————— - Opex= Part Where 4th ventricle empties out into the [spinal cord central canal]
- Crus Cerebri = Bundle of White Fibers communicating info from Cerebral Cortex —> [Midbrain brainstem] + Spinal Cord
A: What is the commissure that connects the two Thalamus together called?
B: What is the Septa Pelucica
A: [Mass intermedia] or [Interthalamic adhesion]
B: Septa Pelucica= VERY THIN membrane covering medial wall of Lateral Ventricles
RANDOM-TO-KNOW!
1. Each [inhibitory Purkinjie cell] only receives ______ Climbing fiber from the ______
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2. L cortex controls the __[R/L] side of the body but Cerebellum lesions are _______
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3. ______[R/L] hemisphere of the Brain is important for Language Function!
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4. *Parietal lobe lesions lead to what typically? Give Example
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RANDOM-TO-KNOW!
1. Each [inhibitory Purkinjie cell] only receives 1 ONE Climbing fiber from the [inf olivary nucleus]
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2. L cortex controls the R side of the body but Cerebellum lesions are IPSILATERAL
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3. Left hemisphere of the Brain is important for Language Function!
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4. *Parietal lobe lesions—> NEGLECT of part of the body “Sometimes people don’t recognize their own limbs”
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