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Medic Class 2024 > Cranial Nerves and Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves and Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Nerve I
Olfactory

A

Sensory
-reception and interpretation of smell.

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2
Q

Cranial Nerve II
Optic

A

*Optic Nerve
Sensory
-sense of sight

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3
Q

Cranial Nerve III
Oculomotor

A

Motor
-Eye movement; elevation of upper eyelids; regulation of pupil size.

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4
Q

Cranial Nerve IV
Trochlear

A

Mixed
- Movement of eyeball in downward, inward direction

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5
Q

Cranial Nerve V
Trigeminal

A

Mixed
- Jaw clenching and chewing movements
-Corneal Reflex
- Sensations (touch/pain) in face, cornea, scalp, and teeth.

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve VI
Abducens

A

Motor
- Movement of eyeball in lateral direction.

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve VII
Facial

A

Mixed
- Facial expressions
- Secretion of saliva and tears
- Blinking
- Sensation of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue (sweet, salty)

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear

A

Sensory
- Hearing and balance

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9
Q

Cranial Nerve IX
Glossophayngeal

A

Mixed
- Swallowing movements
- Secretion of saliva
- Sensation of taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue (bitter, sour)
- Prevents aspiration as part of gag reflex.

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve X
Vagus

A

Mixed
- Swallowing
- Part of gag Reflex
- Sensation behind ear
- Innervates pharynx and epiglottis
- Parasympathetic innervation of thoracic and abdominal organs.

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve XI
Accessory

A

Motor
- Movement of shoulders
- Turning of head

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12
Q

Cranial Nerve XII
Hypoglossal

A

Motor
- Movement of tongue muscles for speech and swallowing

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13
Q

Turbinates

A

Warms air and captures particulates.

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14
Q

Menarche

A
  • First menstrual period
  • Starts between 11-16
  • Marks the beginning of the reproductive phase in females
    -Elevated levels of oestrogen
  • Irritability, moodiness, acne, irregularity in periods.
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15
Q

Menopause

A
  • The end of menstruation in females
  • Occurs around 45 - 50 years old
  • Marks the end of the reproductive phase in females
  • lower levels of oestrogen.
  • bloating, weight gain, and hair loss
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16
Q

Piloerection

A
  • Muscles connected to hairs contract.
    “Goosebumps”
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17
Q

How does the blood flow through the heart and body?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava dumps deoxygenated blood into the right atrium. The blood then travels through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. Next, the blood goes the pulmonic valve and into the pulmonary artery, which leads it into the lungs. There, the deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated by external respiration. The co2 from the blood diffuses from the erythrocyte (rbc) and goes into the alveoli. While this is happening, o2 heads into the rbc by diffusion. The now oxygenated blood goes back to the left atrium of the heart by the pulmonary veins. The oxygenated blood goes from the left atrium and into the left ventricle by the bicuspid (mitral) valve. The blood then goes into the aorta by way of the aortic valve. The blood is then sent to the cells of tissues and organs throughout the body, where internal respiration is performed. The blood, now deoxygenated, returns back to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava to restart the entire process.

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18
Q

Blood pressure

A

Cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance (vasoconstriction)

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19
Q

Cardiac output

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

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20
Q

Stroke volume

A

Preload ( amount of blood available to right atria) x contractility factor mediated by afterload

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21
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skull
Laryngeal skeleton
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage

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22
Q

Vagina

A
  • Birth canal
  • Canal for menstruation
  • sexual arousal
  • immune response
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23
Q

Grey turner’s

A

Bruising in flanks caused by reteoperitoneal bleeding

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24
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Partially covered by peritoneum
- kidneys
- ureters
- suprarenal glands
- rectum

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25
Intraperitoneal
Completely covered by visceral peritoneum - stomach - first part of Duodenum - jejunem - ileum - Transverse Colon - sigmoid Colon - liver - spleen
26
Immovable joints
Suture joints
27
Synarthrosis (joints)
Immovable
28
Amphiarthrosis (joints)
Little movement
29
Diarthrosis
Full movement
30
Function of the 💀 Skeleton
- Protects internal organs - produces blood cells - stores and releases minerals - stores calcium - facilitates movement
31
Atherosclerosis
Soft plaque build up in Arteries
32
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the artery.
33
What is the vallecula
Area between tongue and epiglottis. Where the blade goes in intubation.
34
Lead 2
All ekg strips based on lead 2. - right shoulder always negative and left ankle positive. - p waves should be upright
35
Heat dissipation
Sweating and vasodilation.
36
Bicarbonate buffer system
How the body maintains Acid base balance.
37
Lymphatic system
Drains interstitial fluid through lymph nodes and brings it to the heart. Low pressure.
38
Altitude sickness
Usually happens above 8,000 feet - the higher the altitude, the density of cases in the air decreases.
39
Cell membranes
- Made of a phospholipid bilayer - Protects the cell
40
Interstitial space
-Space between cells
41
Hematocrit
- Made up of plasma (water, proteins, nutrients, hormones) - Buffy coat (wbc, platelets) -rbc
42
Normal blood hematocrit %
37 - 47% hematocrit for women 42 - 52% hematocrit for men
43
Anemia
Decreased hematocrit %
44
Polycythemia
Elevated hematocrit %
45
The uterus
- Ovaries - Fallopian tubes - Fundus - Body of uterus - Cervix - vagina
46
Endometrium
Interior wall lining the uterus
47
Myometrium
Middle layer of uterus made up of smooth muscle
48
Perimetrium
Exterior lining of uterus
49
Fundus
If you can palpate above the pubic bone, then they are approximately 10 -12 weeks pregnant.
50
Systematic vascular resistance
The more constricted, the higher the BP.
51
Semilunar valves
Aortic and pulmonic
52
* Heart sounds (need to look up again to see if correct)
- S1 before systole - S2 before diastole
53
Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord
54
Peripheral Nervous System
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves Branch into the Autonomic Nervous Sytem and Somatic Nervous System
55
Somatic Nervous System
Voluntary Skeletal Muscles (Concious muscle movement, sensory)
56
Autonomic Nervous System
Heart muscle, smooth muscle, glands. Branches into the parasympathetic (rest and digest) and sympathetic nervous (fight or flight) systems
57
Hemoglobin
Can carry 4 units of o2
58
Cerebellum
Fine motor control
59
Medulla Oblongata
Chemoreceptors Monitors hydrogen ions and ph
60
Cushings Reflex
Increased intracranial pressure. - BP shoots up - Erratic breathing - HR drops
61
What makes energy?
- The Cell - Mitochondria - Metabolism
62
What creates electrical potential?
- Electrolytes/ ions - Sodium Potassium pump
63
Cardiocyte action
Resting potential, action potential, repolarization (Heart/ekg)
64
Nervous impulses
- Nervous system - central/autonomic
65
What does the mitochondria do?
- Stores and releases energy as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) - Uses the Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle and electron transport chain to accomplish this. - Helps with the formation of the heme of hemoglobin, amino acids, the yolk ( during oogenesis), the middle part of sperms ( during spermatogenesis), and some parts of testosterone and estrogen hormones. - site of heat generation in thermogenesis - detoxification of ammonia
66
Cellular respiration
Series of metabolic processes that break down glucose to form energy
67
Anaerobic Metabolism
- Burns glucose without 02 - make 2 ATP - Heat, water, and lactic acid byproducts
68
Aerobic metabolism
- Burns glucose in the presence of o2 - Makes 32 - 34 ATP - Byproducts are heat, water, and H+.
69
How does the body eliminate Hydrogen ions (H+) ?
- Bicarbonate Buffer System - Ventilations increase - Renal system/kidneys can excrete excess acids or bases
70
Lactic acid
- Major energy source for mitochondria - Precursor for glucose production - signaling molecule
71
Muscle soreness
Happens due to microdamage to muscles l.
72
Lactic Acidosis
- Caused by excessive lactic acid build up and the body can not remove it. - Often occurs as a complication to other health conditions such as heart failure, shock, infection, diabetes, liver damage/disease, kidney disease or failure, sepsis.
73
Diffusion
Molecules move from high to low concentration
74
Osmosis
Solvent molecules move from high to low solute concentration
75
Common ions
76
Sodium (na+)
Chief Extracellular cation
77
Potassium (K+)
- Chief intracellular cation - Helps with repolarization
78
Resting potential
Inside of cell is negative and outside is positive
79
Action potential
- Depolarization - Produces a contraction Inside of cell is now positive and the outside of cell is negative
80
Sodium potassium pump
- Creates a change in membrane (electric) potential. - switches 3 na+ from inside the cell and 2 k+ from outside the cell.
81
Calcium during depolarization
Helps keep it going
82
Acetylcholinesterase
Cancels out the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
83
Sympathetic neurotransmitter
- Norepinephrine
84
Norepinephrine receptor sites
*A1 - constricts *A2 - mediator (prevents A1 from fully constricting) *B1 (heart) - faster, contraction, and speeds up impulses *B2 - dilates bronchial
85
Parasympathetic Neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
86
Acetylcholine receptor sites
- Muscarinic - Nicotinic
87
Vagus nerve
Connects to SA node and slows it down.
88
Cardiocytes Automaticity
Intrinsic rates of the heart * SA node - 60 - 100 BPM *AV node - 40 - 60 BPM * Purkinji fibers - 20 - 40 BPM
89
Cardiocytes Conductivity
Can conduct from cell to cell
90
Cardiocytes Excitability
When one fires, they all fire
91
Cardiocytes Contractility
Allows contraction
92
Intercalated disks
Helps to speed up signals in the muscle fibers

Medic Class 2024 (9 decks)

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