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Medic Class 2024 > Cranial Nerves and Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves and Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Nerve I
Olfactory

A

Sensory
-reception and interpretation of smell.

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2
Q

Cranial Nerve II
Optic

A

*Optic Nerve
Sensory
-sense of sight

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3
Q

Cranial Nerve III
Oculomotor

A

Motor
-Eye movement; elevation of upper eyelids; regulation of pupil size.

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4
Q

Cranial Nerve IV
Trochlear

A

Mixed
- Movement of eyeball in downward, inward direction

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5
Q

Cranial Nerve V
Trigeminal

A

Mixed
- Jaw clenching and chewing movements
-Corneal Reflex
- Sensations (touch/pain) in face, cornea, scalp, and teeth.

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve VI
Abducens

A

Motor
- Movement of eyeball in lateral direction.

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve VII
Facial

A

Mixed
- Facial expressions
- Secretion of saliva and tears
- Blinking
- Sensation of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue (sweet, salty)

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear

A

Sensory
- Hearing and balance

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9
Q

Cranial Nerve IX
Glossophayngeal

A

Mixed
- Swallowing movements
- Secretion of saliva
- Sensation of taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue (bitter, sour)
- Prevents aspiration as part of gag reflex.

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve X
Vagus

A

Mixed
- Swallowing
- Part of gag Reflex
- Sensation behind ear
- Innervates pharynx and epiglottis
- Parasympathetic innervation of thoracic and abdominal organs.

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve XI
Accessory

A

Motor
- Movement of shoulders
- Turning of head

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12
Q

Cranial Nerve XII
Hypoglossal

A

Motor
- Movement of tongue muscles for speech and swallowing

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13
Q

Turbinates

A

Warms air and captures particulates.

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14
Q

Menarche

A
  • First menstrual period
  • Starts between 11-16
  • Marks the beginning of the reproductive phase in females
    -Elevated levels of oestrogen
  • Irritability, moodiness, acne, irregularity in periods.
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15
Q

Menopause

A
  • The end of menstruation in females
  • Occurs around 45 - 50 years old
  • Marks the end of the reproductive phase in females
  • lower levels of oestrogen.
  • bloating, weight gain, and hair loss
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16
Q

Piloerection

A
  • Muscles connected to hairs contract.
    “Goosebumps”
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17
Q

How does the blood flow through the heart and body?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava dumps deoxygenated blood into the right atrium. The blood then travels through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. Next, the blood goes the pulmonic valve and into the pulmonary artery, which leads it into the lungs. There, the deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated by external respiration. The co2 from the blood diffuses from the erythrocyte (rbc) and goes into the alveoli. While this is happening, o2 heads into the rbc by diffusion. The now oxygenated blood goes back to the left atrium of the heart by the pulmonary veins. The oxygenated blood goes from the left atrium and into the left ventricle by the bicuspid (mitral) valve. The blood then goes into the aorta by way of the aortic valve. The blood is then sent to the cells of tissues and organs throughout the body, where internal respiration is performed. The blood, now deoxygenated, returns back to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava to restart the entire process.

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18
Q

Blood pressure

A

Cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance (vasoconstriction)

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19
Q

Cardiac output

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

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20
Q

Stroke volume

A

Preload ( amount of blood available to right atria) x contractility factor mediated by afterload

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21
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skull
Laryngeal skeleton
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage

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22
Q

Vagina

A
  • Birth canal
  • Canal for menstruation
  • sexual arousal
  • immune response
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23
Q

Grey turner’s

A

Bruising in flanks caused by reteoperitoneal bleeding

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24
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Partially covered by peritoneum
- kidneys
- ureters
- suprarenal glands
- rectum

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25
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

Completely covered by visceral peritoneum
- stomach
- first part of Duodenum
- jejunem
- ileum
- Transverse Colon
- sigmoid Colon
- liver
- spleen

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26
Q

Immovable joints

A

Suture joints

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27
Q

Synarthrosis (joints)

A

Immovable

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28
Q

Amphiarthrosis (joints)

A

Little movement

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29
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Full movement

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30
Q

Function of the 💀 Skeleton

A
  • Protects internal organs
  • produces blood cells
  • stores and releases minerals
  • stores calcium
  • facilitates movement
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31
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Soft plaque build up in Arteries

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32
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the artery.

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33
Q

What is the vallecula

A

Area between tongue and epiglottis.

Where the blade goes in intubation.

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34
Q

Lead 2

A

All ekg strips based on lead 2.
- right shoulder always negative and left ankle positive.
- p waves should be upright

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35
Q

Heat dissipation

A

Sweating and vasodilation.

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36
Q

Bicarbonate buffer system

A

How the body maintains Acid base balance.

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37
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Drains interstitial fluid through lymph nodes and brings it to the heart. Low pressure.

38
Q

Altitude sickness

A

Usually happens above 8,000 feet

  • the higher the altitude, the density of cases in the air decreases.
39
Q

Cell membranes

A
  • Made of a phospholipid bilayer
  • Protects the cell
40
Q

Interstitial space

A

-Space between cells

41
Q

Hematocrit

A
  • Made up of plasma (water, proteins, nutrients, hormones)
  • Buffy coat (wbc, platelets)
    -rbc
42
Q

Normal blood hematocrit %

A

37 - 47% hematocrit for women
42 - 52% hematocrit for men

43
Q

Anemia

A

Decreased hematocrit %

44
Q

Polycythemia

A

Elevated hematocrit %

45
Q

The uterus

A
  • Ovaries
  • Fallopian tubes
  • Fundus
  • Body of uterus
  • Cervix
  • vagina
46
Q

Endometrium

A

Interior wall lining the uterus

47
Q

Myometrium

A

Middle layer of uterus made up of smooth muscle

48
Q

Perimetrium

A

Exterior lining of uterus

49
Q

Fundus

A

If you can palpate above the pubic bone, then they are approximately 10 -12 weeks pregnant.

50
Q

Systematic vascular resistance

A

The more constricted, the higher the BP.

51
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Aortic and pulmonic

52
Q
  • Heart sounds (need to look up again to see if correct)
A
  • S1 before systole
  • S2 before diastole
53
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord

54
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Branch into the Autonomic Nervous Sytem and Somatic Nervous System

55
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Voluntary Skeletal Muscles

(Concious muscle movement, sensory)

56
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Heart muscle, smooth muscle, glands.

Branches into the parasympathetic (rest and digest) and sympathetic nervous (fight or flight) systems

57
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Can carry 4 units of o2

58
Q

Cerebellum

A

Fine motor control

59
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Chemoreceptors
Monitors hydrogen ions and ph

60
Q

Cushings Reflex

A

Increased intracranial pressure.

  • BP shoots up
  • Erratic breathing
  • HR drops
61
Q

What makes energy?

A
  • The Cell
  • Mitochondria
  • Metabolism
62
Q

What creates electrical potential?

A
  • Electrolytes/ ions
  • Sodium Potassium pump
63
Q

Cardiocyte action

A

Resting potential, action potential, repolarization

(Heart/ekg)

64
Q

Nervous impulses

A
  • Nervous system
  • central/autonomic
65
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A
  • Stores and releases energy as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
  • Uses the Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle and electron transport chain to accomplish this.
  • Helps with the formation of the heme of hemoglobin, amino acids, the yolk ( during oogenesis), the middle part of sperms ( during spermatogenesis), and some parts of testosterone and estrogen hormones.
  • site of heat generation in thermogenesis
  • detoxification of ammonia
66
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Series of metabolic processes that break down glucose to form energy

67
Q

Anaerobic Metabolism

A
  • Burns glucose without 02
  • make 2 ATP
  • Heat, water, and lactic acid byproducts
68
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A
  • Burns glucose in the presence of o2
  • Makes 32 - 34 ATP
  • Byproducts are heat, water, and H+.
69
Q

How does the body eliminate Hydrogen ions (H+) ?

A
  • Bicarbonate Buffer System
  • Ventilations increase
  • Renal system/kidneys can excrete excess acids or bases
70
Q

Lactic acid

A
  • Major energy source for mitochondria
  • Precursor for glucose production
  • signaling molecule
71
Q

Muscle soreness

A

Happens due to microdamage to muscles l.

72
Q

Lactic Acidosis

A
  • Caused by excessive lactic acid build up and the body can not remove it.
  • Often occurs as a complication to other health conditions such as heart failure, shock, infection, diabetes, liver damage/disease, kidney disease or failure, sepsis.
73
Q

Diffusion

A

Molecules move from high to low concentration

74
Q

Osmosis

A

Solvent molecules move from high to low solute concentration

75
Q

Common ions

A
76
Q

Sodium (na+)

A

Chief Extracellular cation

77
Q

Potassium (K+)

A
  • Chief intracellular cation
  • Helps with repolarization
78
Q

Resting potential

A

Inside of cell is negative and outside is positive

79
Q

Action potential

A
  • Depolarization
  • Produces a contraction
    Inside of cell is now positive and the outside of cell is negative
80
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A
  • Creates a change in membrane (electric) potential.
  • switches 3 na+ from inside the cell and 2 k+ from outside the cell.
81
Q

Calcium during depolarization

A

Helps keep it going

82
Q

Acetylcholinesterase

A

Cancels out the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

83
Q

Sympathetic neurotransmitter

A
  • Norepinephrine
84
Q

Norepinephrine receptor sites

A

*A1 - constricts
*A2 - mediator (prevents A1 from fully constricting)
*B1 (heart) - faster, contraction, and speeds up impulses
*B2 - dilates bronchial

85
Q

Parasympathetic Neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

86
Q

Acetylcholine receptor sites

A
  • Muscarinic
  • Nicotinic
87
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Connects to SA node and slows it down.

88
Q

Cardiocytes
Automaticity

A

Intrinsic rates of the heart
* SA node - 60 - 100 BPM
*AV node - 40 - 60 BPM
* Purkinji fibers - 20 - 40 BPM

89
Q

Cardiocytes
Conductivity

A

Can conduct from cell to cell

90
Q

Cardiocytes
Excitability

A

When one fires, they all fire

91
Q

Cardiocytes
Contractility

A

Allows contraction

92
Q

Intercalated disks

A

Helps to speed up signals in the muscle fibers

Medic Class 2024 (8 decks)

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