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Medic Class 2024 > A&P Final > Flashcards

A&P Final Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH)

A

-Comes from the pituitary
-stimulates the thyroid

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2
Q

Hering Breuer Reflex

A

Stretch Reflex in lungs (inflation and deflation)

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3
Q

Medulla chemoreceptors

A

Co2 and hydrogen ions

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4
Q

Carotid and aortic arch chemoreceptors

A

02

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5
Q

Solvent

A

Matter can be
dissolved or suspended

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6
Q

Solid organs

A

*liver
*spleen
*pancreas
*kidneys
*adrenals
*ovaries

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7
Q

Hollow organs

A

*stomach
*intestines
*gallbladder
*urinary bladder
*uterus

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8
Q

Atlas

A

C1
First vertebrae

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9
Q

Axis

A

C2
has dens attached

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10
Q

Diffusion

A

High to low

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11
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

With oxygen
32-34 ATP
Heat, water, and H+

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12
Q

Anaerobic Metabolism

A

Without Oxygen
2-4 ATP
Heat, Water, and lactic acid by-products

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13
Q

Blood Flow through body

A

Superior and inferior vena cava dumps deoxygenated blood into the right atrium. The blood then travels through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. Next, the blood goes the pulmonic valve and into the pulmonary artery, which leads it into the lungs. There, the deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated by external respiration. The co2 from the blood diffuses from the erythrocyte (rbc) and goes into the alveoli. While this is happening, o2 heads into the rbc by diffusion. The now oxygenated blood goes back to the left atrium of the heart by the pulmonary veins. The oxygenated blood goes from the left atrium and into the left ventricle by the bicuspid (mitral) valve. The blood then goes into the aorta by way of the aortic valve. The blood is then sent to the cells of tissues and organs throughout the body, where internal respiration is performed. The blood, now deoxygenated, returns back to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava to restart the entire process.

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14
Q

Homeostasis

A

Body in balance

*Hormone components
-Receptor sites
-Control center
-Effectors

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15
Q

Capillaries

A

Made up of endothelium
(Basement membrane)

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16
Q

Skin Layers

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous (fatty layer)

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17
Q

3 lead

A

*Heart rate
*Rhythm (regularity)
*Voltage

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18
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

Peripheral Nervous system

A

Somatic
and autonomic

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20
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary skeletal muscle movement

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21
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic
(involuntary movement of smooth muscle, glands, and organs)

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22
Q

Neovascularization

A

How the body develops new vessels from undamaged capillaries

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23
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Personality, behaviors

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24
Q

Temporal

A

Speech

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25
Occipital
Vision
26
Intrapericardiac pressure
Limiting factor of cardiac anatomy
27
Nephron
Functional unit of kidney
28
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesizes steroids Assembles/repairs cell membrane Assists in transport of macro molecules
29
Rough ER
Ribosome Folds proteins Chemicals added to protein
30
Diarthrosis
Full movement (Metacarpals)
31
Common elements
02 is the most important element in body
32
Coronary Arteries
Fill during diastole
33
Afterload
Resistance the heart must pump (Open the aortic valve)
34
Sodium potassium pump (Polarized)
Resting potential (Ready for a run)
35
Sodium potassium pump (Depolarized)
- Action potential -3 sodium (na+) comes in cell and 2 potassium (k+) leave cell - leaving on a run
36
Sodium potassium pump (Repolarization)
-Returning back to being polarized -2 potassium k+ enter the cell and 3 na+ sodium leave the cell - coming back from a run
37
Cardiocytes (Excitability)
Allows the heart cells to function as a single unit - they all fire
38
Cardiocytes (Conductivity)
Conducts electrical impulses
39
Cardiocytes (Automaticity)
The intrinsic rates *SA node - 60 -100 BPM *AV node - 40 - 60 BPM *Purkenji Fibers - 20 - 40 BPM
40
Cardiocytes (Contractility)
Ability to contract
41
Reticular Activating system
Controls consciousness
42
Isotonic
Same amount of particles as another solution
43
Hypertonic
More particles
44
Hypotonic
Less particles
45
Osteocyte
Mature bone tissue
46
Osteoblast
Builds bone
47
Osteogenic
Stem cell
48
Osteoclast
Reabsorbs bone
49
Tidal volume
500 ml
50
Alveolar volume
(Tidal volume - dead air space) × RR
51
Dead air space
150 ml
52
Minute volume
Tidal volume times Respiration Rate
53
Myocardial Infarction
Pale, cool, classy skin Chest pain ( may radiate to jaw/L arm) Nausea Impending Doom
54
Norepinephrine
More alpha 1 sites Powerful vasoconstictor
55
Glomeruler filtration rate
170 liters per day
56
Extracellular cation
Sodium
57
Intracellular cation
Potassium
58
Theoretical infection
Theory of infection with no proof
59
Fsh hormone
Made by pituitary gland Promotes follicle creation on ovary Promotes estrogen Secretion by follicles
60
LH hormone
Made in pituitary Promotes ovulation and corpus luteum formation Promotes estrogen Secretion by follicles
61
Estrogen
Made by developing follicles and corpus luteum in ovary Inhibits FSH Secretion Stimulates LH Secretion from pituitary
62
Progesterone
Made by corpus luteum Prepares endometrium for implantation Helps maintain and nourish baby BP regulation Cognition Bone protection Lowers cancer risk
63
PRI
Measures from beginning of p wave to beginning of q or r wave
64
Tissues
Blood Bone Cartilage Epithelial Muscle connective Nervous Adipose
65
Liver
Detoxification of blood
66
Crenation
Cell shriveled in hypertonic solutions
67
Lysing
Cells burst in hypotonic solutions
68
Gas transportation
Four 02 on hemoglobin Co2 in plasma as bicarbonate (HCO3-)
69
D5W
Becomes hypotonic when it enters the body
70
Insulin
Allows sugar into cells and turns excess glucose to glycogen in the liver
71
02 in air
21%
72
Meninges
Skin Periosteum Cranium Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater
73
Sympathetic nervous system
Fight or flight
74
Parasympathetic nervous system
Rest and digest
75
S1 (Lub)
Mitral and tricuspid valves closing
76
S2 (Dub)
Aortic and pulmonary valves closing Pulse is palpable in between s1 and s2
77
Latent period
Disease cannot be transmitted
78
Window phase
Time between infection and when disease can be detected
79
Phrenic nerve
C3, C4,C5 Innervates diaphragm to flex
80
Water
Most essential nutrient for cell function
81
Proximal tubule
Reabsorbs glucose into nephron
82
Sympathetic NS ( receptors)
A1 - vasoconstriction A2 - mediator B1 - heart B2 - lung muscles relax B3- piloerection
83
Renal failure patients
Great risk of environmental emergency
84
Prostate gland
Secretes seminal fluids
85
Least responsible for blood returning to heart
Systolic BP
86
Heart layers from inside to out
Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium (visceral layer) Pericardial cavity Parietal layer of pericardium Fibrous pericardium
87
Trachea
C rings keep trachea from collapsing due to negative pressure
88
Endocrine system
Hormones to maintain homeostasis
89
Carina
Split of trachea to lungs (Right is straight)
90
Pharynx
Connects oral and nasal cavity to esophagus, trachea, and larynx
91
Cardiac cycle
Always begins with diastole from 1 beat to another
92
Cerebellum
Fine motor control (athlete's or musician's brain)
93
Cerebrum
Intelligence, decision making, cognitive, and memory
94
Infarction
Cardiac cell death
95
Electrolytes
Produce negative or positive ions
96
Atelectasis
Collapsing of alveoli or while lung collapse
97
Heart conduction
-Sa node - AV node - bundle of his - left and right bundle branches - purkenji fibers
98
H+
Controlled by buffer system
99
Leads 1, 11, 111
Limb leads / bipolar leads
100
During diastole what valves are open/closed?
Tricuspid and mitral open Aortic and pulmonic are closed
101
First phase of cardiac cycle
Diastole
102
Hydrostatic pressure
Water leaving capillaries into interstitial space
103
Ph levels
7 - neutral 7.35 - 7.45 normal blood Under 7.35 is acidic Above 7.45 is alkalotic
104
Sebaceous glands
Secretes sebum onto hair and skin to lubricate
105
How does the body attempt to correct hypoxia due to COPD
Produces more RBC by releasing EPO which causes RBC to mature in bone marrow
106
Isle of langerhans Alpha cells
Glucagon ( raises blood glucose)
107
Isle of langerhans Beta cells
Insulin ( lowers blood glucose)
108
Isle of langerhans Delta cells
Somatostatin ( mediator)
109
Mediastinum
Between lungs and houses the heart, trachea, great vessels and other essential nerves
110
Outer layers of skin
Protection
111
Perineum
Women
112
Peritoneum
Front of thoracic cavity
113
Capillary structure
114
Fibroblast
Makes collagen
115
Fibrocyte
Precursor to fibroblast
116
Neuron parts and function
Dendrites Cell body Nucleus Cell membrane Axon hillock Axon Schwann Cell Nodes of Ranvier Myelin sheath Axon terminal
117
What does the heart do to compensate for blood loss
Beats faster
118
Menarche
First period
119
Menopause
No more periods
120
Glycosuria
Happens after blood sugar reaches 180 - 190
121
Manubrium
Top of sternum
122
12 lead V1 & V2
septum
123
12 lead V3 & V4
Anterior
124
12 lead V5 & V6
Lateral
125
12 lead 1 & avL
Lateral
126
12 lead 11, 111, avf
Inferior

Medic Class 2024 (9 decks)

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