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Neuroscience > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal

Motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

(note that if damaged tongue will point to side of lesion)

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2
Q

CN II

A

Optic

Special sense of vision

Contralateral

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3
Q

CN VII

A

Facial

Special sense of taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue

Motor to muscles of facial expression

Parasympathetic to lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands

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4
Q

Branches of CN V

A

V = Trigeminal

V1 = Opthalmic division

V2= Maxillary division

V3 = Mandibular division

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5
Q

CN VI

A

Abductens

Motor to lateral rectus muscle of the eye

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6
Q

CN X

A

Vagus

Sensory to external ear, larynx, and esophagus

Motor to the muscles of the pharynx, larynx, palate, and esophagus (speech and swallowing, efferent limb of gag reflex)

Parasympathetic to thoracic and abdominal organs

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7
Q

Where does facial nerve exit the cranial cavitiy?

A

internal acoustic meatus

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8
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor

Motor to the most extraocular musles of the eye

Parasympathetic to the pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscles of the eye

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9
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear

Motor to superior oblique muslce of the eye

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10
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory

Special sense of smell

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11
Q

Nerves that exit cranial cavity through

Hypoglossal canal

A

Hypoglossal n (CN XII)

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12
Q

V1

A

Opthalmic division

Sensory to scalp, forehead, and nose, cornea and conjunctiva of the eye

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13
Q

Nerves that exit cranial cavity through

Cribiform plate

A

Olfactory n (CN I)

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14
Q

Motor functions of facial nerve

A
  • As it passes through facial canal in temporal bone –> gives off motor branch to stapedius muscle in the ear (important in dampening sound recieved by tympanic membrane)
  • As it exits stylomastoid foramen –> supplies facial expression muscles (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical)
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15
Q

Sensory functions of Facial Nerve

A
  • Chorda tympani –> taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • Cell body of chorda tympani nerve is within the facial ganglion
  • Axons of this nerve run with lingual branch of V3 and eventually a seperate individual nerve
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16
Q

Which nerves transmit parasympathetic information

A

III

VII

IX

X

(mneumonic 1793)

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17
Q

Mandibular division (V3) Sensory branches

A

Exits at foramen ovale

Buccal nerve –> sensory information from inside of mouth and cheek

Ariculotemporal nerve –> carries sensory information from skin around external ear (also carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers that innervate parotid gland)

Lingual nerve –> carries sensory innervation from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Inferior alveolar nerve –> runs with the mandible and carries sensory innervation from lower teeth –> exits mandible via mental foramen to become mental nerve –> carries sensation from a region of the lower lip and face

18
Q

Where does facial nerve exit the skull?

A

Stylomastoid foramen at the base of the skull

19
Q

Ophthalmic Division Sensory Branches

A
  • Frontal Nerve–> runs in the superior aspect of the orbit and gives off a branch to the lacrimal gland. Exits the orbit and becomes the supraorbital nerve to provide sensation to part of face
  • Other small branches provide sensory innervation of the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye
20
Q

V2

A

Maxillary divisions

Sensory to cheeks, lower eye lid, nasal mucosa, upper lip, upper teeth and palate

21
Q

The first 2 nerves (olfactory and optic) arise from

A

cerebrum

22
Q

Where does facial nerve travel through?

A

Facial canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone

23
Q

CN IX

A

Gloddopharyngeal

Sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue, palate, and oropharynx (afferent limb of gag reflex)

Motor to pharynx (swallowing)

Special sense of taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

Parasympathetic to parotid salvary glands

24
Q

V3

A

Mandibular division

Sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue, chin, and lowe teeth.

Motor to the muscles of mastication

25
Q

CN XI

A

Spinal accessory

Motor to sternocleidomastoud and trapexius muscles

26
Q

Nerves that exit cranial cavity through

Superior oribital fissure

A

Oculomotor n (CN III)

Trochlear n (CN IV)

Opthalmic n (CNV1)

Abductens n (CN VI)

27
Q

How is trigeminial nerve associated with parasympathetic functions in the head?

A

Conveys parasympathetic axons from other nerves (CNVII and CNIX) to their target organs

28
Q

CNs III-XII emerge from

A

brain stem

29
Q

Divisions of Trigmeninial Nerve

A

Ophthalmic (VI)–> exits cranium via superior orbital fissure

Maxillary (V2) –> exits cranial cavity via foramen rotundum

Mandibular (V3)–> exits cranial cavity via foramen ovale

30
Q

Autonomic Functions of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve

A
  • Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from glossopharyngeal nerve synapse in otic ganglion behind mandible
  • Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers join the ariculotemporal nerve to innervate the parotid salivary gland
31
Q

Maxillary Division Sensory Branches

A
  • Infraorbital nerve–> passes through infraorbital foramen –> provides sensory innervation to a part of the face
  • Superior alveolar nerve –> sensation to upper teeth as well as some of the sinuses in the head and nasal mucosa
32
Q
A
33
Q

Nerves that exit cranial cavity through

foramen rotundem

A

Maxillary n (CN V2)

34
Q

Branches of Mandibular Division of Trigeminial Nerve Function

A

Supply motor innervation to muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid)

35
Q

Autonomic Functions of the Facial Nerve

A
  • Parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal gland and submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
    • in proximal portion of facial canal –> gives off greater petrosal nerve branch–> carries preganglionic parasympatheric fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion. the postganglionic fivers from the ganglion joing the lacrimal nerve to innervate lacrimal gland
    • Chorda tympani branch runs with lingual nerve –> carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to submandibular ganglion. Postganglionic fibers exit the ganglion and pass directly to submandibular and sublingual glands to stimulate salivation
36
Q

Nerves that exit cranial cavity through

Optic canal

A

Optic n (CN II)

37
Q

CN VIII

A

Vastibulocochlear

Special sense of hearing and balance

38
Q

Nerves that exit cranial cavity through

Internal acoustic (auditory) meatus

A

Facial n (CN VII)

Vestibulocochlear n (CNVIII)

39
Q

Nerves that exit cranial cavity through

foramen ovale

A

Mandibular n (CN V3)

40
Q

Nerves that exit cranial cavity through

Jugular foramen

A

Glossopharyngeal n (CNIX)

Vagus n (CNX)

Accessory n (CN XI)

Neuroscience (11 decks)

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