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Neuro > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerve I

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

Foramen in skull for olfactory nerve

A

Cribriform plate (ethmoid bone)

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3
Q

Origins of olfactory nerve

A

Olfactory cortex (temporal lobe)

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4
Q

Is the olfactory nerve sensory or motor

A

Sensory

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5
Q

Function of olfactory nerve

A

Sense of smell

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6
Q

Dysfunction of olfactory nerve

A

Altered/loss of sense of smell

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7
Q

Name of CN II

A

Optic nerve

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8
Q

Foramen in skull for optic nerve

A

Optic canal (sphenoid bone)

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9
Q

Origin of optic nerve

A

Visual cortex (occipital lobe)

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10
Q

Is the optic nerve sensory or motor

A

Sensory

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11
Q

Function of optic nerve

A

Sense of sight

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12
Q

Dysfunction of optic nerve

A

Altered/loss of vision

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13
Q

Name of CN III

A

Oculomotor nerve

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14
Q

Origin of oculomotor nerve

A

Midbrain

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15
Q

Foramen in skull that oculomotor passes through

A

Superior orbital fissure (sphenoid bone)

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16
Q

Type of fibres in oculomotor nerve

A

Motor and parasympathetic

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17
Q

Function of oculomotor nerve

A

Motor supply to extra-ocular muscles (LPS, SR, IR MR, IO)
Parasympathetic to the ciliary and constrictor pupillae muscles

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18
Q

Dysfunction of oculomotor nerve

A

Eye rests in down and out position
Ptosis
Mydriasis (dilated pupil)

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19
Q

Name of CN IV

A

Trochlear nerve

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20
Q

Foramen in skull that trochlear nerve passes through

A

Superior orbital fissure (sphenoid bone_

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21
Q

Which bone contains the superior orbital fissure

A

Sphenoid bone

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22
Q

Origin of trochlear nerve

A

Midbrain

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23
Q

Types of fibres in trochlear nerve

A

Motor

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24
Q

Function of trochlear nerve

A

Motor supply to superior oblique extra-ocular muscles

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25
Q

Dysfunction of trochlear nerve

A

Eye is unable to look down whilst adducted

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26
Q

Name of CN V

A

Trigeminal nerve

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27
Q

CN VI

A

Ophthalmic branch

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28
Q

Foramen ophthalmic branch passes through

A

Superior orbital fissure (sphenoid bone)

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29
Q

Origin of ophthalmic branch

A

Pons

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30
Q

Types of fibres in ophthalmic branch

A

Sensory

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31
Q

Function of ophthalmic branch

A

Sensation from upper 1/3 of face

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32
Q

Dysfunction of ophthalmic branch

A

Altered/absent sensation

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33
Q

CN V2

A

Maxillary branch

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34
Q

Foramen of maxillary branch

A

Foramen rotundum (sphenoid bone)

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35
Q

Origin of maxillary branch

A

Pons

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36
Q

Types of fibres in maxillary branch

A

Sensory

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37
Q

Function of maxillary branch

A

Sensation from middle 1/3 of face

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38
Q

Dysfunction of maxillary branch

A

Altered/absent sensation

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39
Q

CN V3

A

Mandibular branch

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40
Q

Foramen of mandibular branch

A

Foramen ovale (sphenoid bone)

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41
Q

Types of fibres in mandibular branch

A

Sensory and motor

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42
Q

Sensory Function of mandibular branch

A

Sensation from lower 1/3 of face

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43
Q

Motor function of mandibular branch

A

Motor to muscles of mastication
Motor to tensor tympani
Motor to some suprahyoid strap muscles

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44
Q

Dysfunction of mandibular branch

A

Altered/ absent sensation and weakness in mastication

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45
Q

Name of CN VI

A

Abducens nerve

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46
Q

Foramen for abducens nerve

A

Superior orbital fissure (sphenoid bone)

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47
Q

Origins of abducens nerve

A

Pons

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48
Q

Fibres in abducens nerve

A

Motor

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49
Q

Function of abducens nerve

A

Motor supply to lateral rectus extra-ocular muscle

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50
Q

Dysfunction of abducens nerve

A

Eye is unable to abduct

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51
Q

Which cranial nerves travel through the superior orbital fissure

A

Oculomotor
Trochlear
Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve
Abducens nerve

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52
Q

Name of CN VII

A

Facial nerve

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53
Q

Foramen of facial nerve

A

Internal auditory meatus and then Stylomastoid foramen (temporal bone)

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54
Q

Origins of facial nerve

A

Pons

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55
Q

Types of fibres in facial nerve

A

Motor, sensory and parasympathetic

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56
Q

Motor function of facial nerve

A

Muscles of facial expression and stapedius

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57
Q

Sensory function of facial nerve

A

Sensation from ear canal
Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

58
Q

Parasympathetic function of facial nerve

A

Submandibular and sublingual glands
Lacrimal glands

59
Q

Dysfunction of facial nerve

A

Weakness/paralysis of facial muscles
Reduced salivatiom

60
Q

Name of CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

61
Q

Foramen of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Internal auditory meatus (temporal bone)

62
Q

Origins of vestibulocochlear nerve

63
Q

Types of fibres in vestibulocochlear nerve

64
Q

Function of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Provides sense of balance and hearing

65
Q

Dysfunction of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Vertigo
Tinnitus
Deafness

66
Q

Which nerves pass through the internal auditory meatus

A

Facial nerve
Vestibulocochlear nerve

67
Q

Name of CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

68
Q

Foramen of Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Jugular foramen (temporal/occipital bone)

69
Q

Origins of Glossopharyngeal nerve

70
Q

Which nerves originate in the midbrain

A

Oculomotor
Trochlear

71
Q

Which nerves originate in the pons

A

Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear

72
Q

Types of fibres in Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Motor, sensory and parasympathetic

73
Q

Motor function of Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Motor to stylopharyngeus muscles

74
Q

Sensory function of Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Sensation from pharynx and posterior 1/3 of tongue
Sensation from carotid baroreceptors
Taste from posterior 1/3 tongue

75
Q

Parasympathetic function of Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Parasympathetic to parotid salivary gland

76
Q

Dysfunction of Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Loss of gag reflex
Reduced salivation

77
Q

Name of CN X

A

Vagus nerve

78
Q

Foramen of vagus nerve

A

Jugular foramen (temporal/occipital bone)

79
Q

Origins of vagus nerve

80
Q

Types of fibres in vagus nerve

A

Motor, sensory and parasympathetic

81
Q

Motor function of vagus nerve

A

Muscles of soft palate, pharynx and larynx

82
Q

Which nerves are considered part of the central nervous system

A

Olfactory
Optic

83
Q

Sensory function of vagus nerve

A

Sensation from ear canal
Taste from epiglottis

84
Q

Parasympathetic of vagus nerve

A

Thoracic and abdominal organs

85
Q

Dysfunction of vagus nerve

A

Loss of gag reflex
Absent rise of soft palate
Weak/absent cough/swallow
loss of parasympathetic to thoracic/abdominal organs

86
Q

Name of CN XI

A

Accessory nerve

87
Q

Foramen accessory nerve enters

A

Foramen magnum (occipital bone)

88
Q

Foramen accessory nerve exits

A

Jugular foramen (temporal/occipital bone)

89
Q

Origins of accessory nerve

90
Q

Fibres of accessory nerve

91
Q

Function of accessory nerve

A

Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

92
Q

Dysfunction of accessory nerve

A

Weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulders

93
Q

Name of CN XII

A

Hypoglossal nerve

94
Q

Foramen of Hypoglossal nerve

A

Hypoglossal canal (occipital bone)

95
Q

Origins of Hypoglossal nerve

96
Q

Types of fibres in Hypoglossal nerve

97
Q

Snellen chart

A

Letter chart used for testing eye sight
6/6 vision= can see at 6m

98
Q

Function of Hypoglossal nerve

A

Intrinsic muscles of tongue

99
Q

Dysfunction of Hypoglossal nerve

A

Weakness /paralysis of the tongue
Tongue deviates to affected side

100
Q

Which nerves originate in the medulla

A

Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

101
Q

Which nerves go through the jugular foramen

A

Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory

102
Q

Which nerves go through the internal auditory meatus

A

Facial
Vestibulocochlear

103
Q

Where is the lateral geniculate nucleus located

104
Q

Where is the Edinger-Westphal nucleus located

105
Q

Pupillary light reflex involved which nerves and nuclei

A

Optic nerve
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Oculomotor nerve

106
Q

Primary function of superior oblique muscle

107
Q

Corneal reflex

A

Sensation to cornea - ophthalmic nerve
Pons
Blink - facial nerve

108
Q

Which nerve innervates muscles to blink/close eye

A

Facial nerve

109
Q

Which nerve is sensory to cornea

A

Ophthalmic

110
Q

Muscles involved in mastication

A

Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Masseter
Temporalis

111
Q

Main problem caused by facial nerve palsy

A

Dry eye- no tears

112
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) leave the CNS?

113
Q

Which nerve provides the efferent pathway in the corneal reflex?

A

Facial nerve

114
Q

Which nerve leaves the skull base via foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary nerve V2

115
Q

Which cranial nerve leaves the CNS from the posterior aspect of the brainstem?

A

Trochlear nerve

116
Q

Gag reflex

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Medulla
Vagus

117
Q

Which nerve provides motor innervation to the tensor tympani muscle?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal V3

118
Q

Temporal, Buccal and Cervical are branches of which nerve?

119
Q

Which cranial nerve provides the afferent pathway for the accommodation reflex?

120
Q

Which nerve controls the muscle responsible for elevation of the eye whilst looking straight ahead?

A

Oculomotor

121
Q

Which cranial nerve traverses foramen magnum?

122
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) supplies which muscle?

A

Stylopharyngeus

123
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) supplies which muscle?

124
Q

How to test cranial nerve II in an unconscious patient

A

Can be tested in the unconscious patient by observing pupillary constriction in response to light

125
Q

Damage to CN V

A

Damage will result in the loss of the corneal reflex on the affected side

126
Q

Disease of CN VIII

A

When diseased may cause rapid eye movements; nystagmus

127
Q

Which nerves carry taste sensation

A

CN VII, IX, X

128
Q

Which is the longest intracranial length of any of the cranial nerves

A

Trochlear nerve

129
Q

Pupillary reflex afferent limb

A

Retino-hypothalamic tract

130
Q

Pupillary reflex efferent limb

A

Oculomotor nerve

131
Q

What runs through the cavernous sinus

A

Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Abducens nerve
Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Internal carotid artery

132
Q

Branches of facial nerve (CN VII) inside internal acoustic meatus

A

Greater petrosal nerve
Nerve to stapedius
Chorda tympani nerve

133
Q

Greater petrosal nerve

A

Parasympathetic to lacrimal gland, sphenoid sinus, frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus and nasal cavity
Special sensory taste fibres to the palate via Vivian nerve

134
Q

Which nerve supplies the sinuses

A

Greater petrosal nerve (branch of facial nerve)

135
Q

Which nerve supplies special sensory taste fibres to palate

A

Vivian nerve

136
Q

Nerve to stapedius

A

Motor innervation to Stapedius muscle in middle ear

137
Q

Chorda tympani nerve

A

Parasympathetic innervation to submandibular gland and sublingual gland
Special sensory taste fibres for anterior 2/3 of tongue

138
Q

Branches of facial nerve outside skull (distal to Stylomastoid foramen)

A

Posterior auricular nerve
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical

139
Q

Posterior auricular nerve

A

Controls movements of some scalp muscles around the ear
Branch to posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscle

140
Q

5 major branches of facial nerve in parotid gland

A

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical

141
Q

Katie, a 90 year old women, has many regrets in life. Thinking back to her university years of how she should have taken medicine instead of chemistry often gets her in a low mood. One day, In a fit of rage, she decides to scooter to the library and opens a Grays anatomy textbook onto a page about cranial nerves.
Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic fibres?

A

CN3, CN7, CN9, CN10

Neuro (22 decks)

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