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Neuro > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Outputs of the autonomic nervous system

A

Parasympathetic- cranial and sacral outflow
Sympathetic- adrenal amplification
Enteric nervous system

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2
Q

Function of sympathetic nervous system on heart

A

Increases heart rate
Increases force of contractiom

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3
Q

Function of sympathetic nervous system on blood vessels

A

Constriction

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4
Q

Function of sympathetic nervous system on lungs

A

Bronchodilation

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5
Q

Function of sympathetic nervous system on GI

A

decreased motility
Sphincter contraction
Decreased secretion

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6
Q

Function of parasympathetic nervous system on heart

A

Decreases heart rate
Decreases force of contraction

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7
Q

Function of parasympathetic nervous system on blood vessels

A

Vasodilation

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8
Q

Function of parasympathetic nervous system on lungs

A

Bronchoconstriction

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9
Q

Function of parasympathetic nervous system on GI

A

Increases motility
Sphincter relaxation
Increased secretions

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10
Q

When do autonomic fibres synapse

A

Fibres synapse once at a ganglion after the leave the CNS (2-neuron chain)
Motor control

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11
Q

When do somatic fibres synapse

A

Fibres do not synapse after they leave the CNS (single neuron from CNS to effector organ)

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12
Q

What does the somatic system innervate

A

Innervates skeletal muscle fibres, always stimulatory

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13
Q

What does the autonomic system innervate

A

Innervates smooth muscle , cardiac muscle and glands
Either stimulates or inhibits

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14
Q

Sacral outflow of parasympathetic

A

S1-S2

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15
Q

Parasympathetic in simple terms

A

Cranial nerves to head, thorax and neck
Sacral outflow to pelvic organs

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16
Q

Sympathetic in simple terms

A

Cranial nerves to eye
Sympathetic chain
- splanchnic nerves
Other ganglia
Post ganglionic fibres

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17
Q

Autonomic motor neuron

A

Preganglionic neuron= myelinated
Autonomic ganglion (ACh)
Postganglionic neuron= unmyelinated
Effectors (ACh or noradrenaline)

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18
Q

Functions of autonomic nervous system

A

Thermoregulation
Exercise
Digestion
Competition
Sexual function

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19
Q

Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic fibres

A

3, 7, 9, 10

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20
Q

Sympathetic anatomy

A

White and grey rami communicates- sympathetic chain (T1-L2)
Splanchnic nerves to large thoraco-abdominal plexi

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21
Q

Sympathetic chain runs from

A

T1-L2

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22
Q

Function of enteric nervous system

A

Regulates intrinsic reflexes and integrative neural activity for motility, secretion, sensation and other key functions in the gut
There are intrinsic reflex circuits in the gut, dependent on coordinated serotonin signalling (5-HT)

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23
Q

Sympathetic receptor sub types - noradrenaline

A

Alpha : Alpha 1 and Alpha 2
Beta : beta 1,2,3

24
Q

Which receptor type causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels

A

Alpha 1
Alpha 2

25
Q

Which receptor type causes vasodilation of blood vessels

A

Beta 2

26
Q

Which receptor type causes tachycardia and increased contractility

A

Beta 1

27
Q

Which receptor type causes increased contractility of heart

A

Alpha 1

28
Q

Which receptor type causes relaxation of bronchi

A

Beta 2

29
Q

Which receptor type causes aggregation of thrombocytes

A

Alpha 2

30
Q

Which receptor type causes vasoconstriction in kidneys

A

Alpha 1
Alpha 2

31
Q

Which receptor type causes renin release and inhibition tubular sodium reabsorption

A

Beta 1
Beta 2

32
Q

Which receptor type causes inhibition of lipolysis in adipocytes

A

Alpha 2

33
Q

Which receptor type causes lipolysis in adipocytes

A

Beta 1,2,3

34
Q

Acute primary ANS disorders

A

Pan-dysautonomia with neurological features

35
Q

Chronic primary ANS disorders

A

Pure autonomic failure
Multiple system atrophy (Shy-Drager syndrome)
Autonomic failure with Parkinson’s disease

36
Q

Name of receptor between preganglionic neurons and ganglion for ACh

A

Nicotinic receptor

37
Q

Name of receptor following sympathetic postganglionic neuron

A

Adrenergic

38
Q

Name of receptor following parasympathetic postganglionic neuron

A

Muscarinic receptor

39
Q

Which receptor is common to both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

A

Nicotinic receptors - preganglionic—->ganglion

40
Q

Metabolic secondary ANS disorders

A

Diabetes mellitus
Chronic renal failure
Chronic liver disease
Alcohol induced

41
Q

Inflammatory secondary ANS disorders

A

Guilliain-Barre syndrome

42
Q

Infections secondary ANS disorders

A

Bacterial: tetanus
Parasitic: Chagas’ disease
Viral: HIV

43
Q

Neoplasia secondary ANS disorders

A

Brain tumours (especially of 3rd ventricle or posterior fossa)

44
Q

Main brainstem nuclei involved with cardiovascular system

A

Nucleus tractus solitarius
Nucleus ambiguus
Dorsal vagal nucleus

45
Q

Main symptoms of primary ANS disorders

A

Fainting - cannot raise blood pressure when standing (postural hypotension)

46
Q

Non-cardiovascular ANS measurement

A

Pupillometry
Sweat measurement
Skin blood flow, thermoregulation
Gastric acid secretion
Sexual function

47
Q

Cardiovascular disorders

A

Postural hypotension
Supine hypertension
Lability of blood pressure
Paroxysmal hypertension
Tachycardia
Bradycardia

48
Q

Sexual ANS disorders

A

Erectile failure
Ejaculatory failure
Retrograde ejaculation
Priapism

49
Q

Sudomotor ANS disorders

A

Hypo- or anhidrosis
Hyperhidrosis
Gustatory sweating
Hypothermia
Hyperpyrexia
Heat intolerance

50
Q

Alimentary ANS disorders

A

Gastric stasis
Dumping syndromes
Constipation
Diarrhoea

51
Q

ANS disorders of the eye

A

Pupillary abnormalities
Ptosis
Alachryma
Abnormal lacrimation with food ingestion

52
Q

Measuring cardiovascular function

A

Heart rate and blood pressure beat by beat

53
Q

How to test blood pressure

A

Head-up Tilt table test
Intra-arterial needle in radial artery
Baro-reflex testing by phenylephrine test- baroreflex sensitivity (invasive)
Baroreflex testing by ambulatory recording (non-invasive)

54
Q

Baro-reflex testing- By Phenylephrine test

A

Measure R-R interval after iv pressor agent Phenylephrine- (PE)

55
Q

Phenylephrine is a

A

Vasoconstrictor

Neuro (22 decks)

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