Cranial Nerves

Question 1

What number is the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 1

Cranial nerve 5

Question 2

The trigeminal nerve is both a ______ and a _____ nerve

Answer 2

motor; sensory

Question 3

What three branches does the trigeminal nerve include?

Answer 3

ophthalmic (sensory), mandibular (mixed), and maxillary (sensory)

Question 4

What does the trigeminal nerve do?

Answer 4

It moves the muscles used for mastication and provide sensation to the head and face

Question 5

Where does the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve pass through?

Answer 5

the superior orbital fissure found between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone

Question 6

Where does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve pass through?

Answer 6

the infraorbital foramen of the maxillary bone

Question 7

Where does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve pass through?

Answer 7

the foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone

Question 8

What is the difference between afferent and efferent?

Answer 8

afferent is to take information from sensory receptors and send it to the central nervous system. Efferent is to take information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands in the body.

Question 9

What does the ophthalmic branch do?

Answer 9

innervates the upper 3rd of the face, which includes eyeball, conjunctiva, nasal cavity, lacrimal gland, scalp up to the vertex

Question 10

What does the maxillary branch do?

Answer 10

innervates the middle 3rd of the face, which includes most of the nasal cavity, upper teeth and gums, maxillary sinus, pharynx’s mucous membrane, palate, and dura mater of the middle cranial fossa

Question 11

What does the mandibular branch do?

Answer 11

provides sensation to the lower part of the face including part of the auricle and temple; motor control for the muscles of chewing, mylohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric, tensor palati, and tensor tympani.

Question 12

The mandibular nerve forms _____

Answer 12

both the limbs of masticatory reflex.

Question 13

What is the tensor tympani?

Answer 13

muscle in the middle ear that decrease the amount of sound that enteres the middle ear.

Question 14

What is the tensor palati?

Answer 14

muscle that helps the levator palatini in preventing food from entering the nasopharynx by tensing the soft palate

Question 15

What is the masticatory reflex?

Answer 15

a kind of stretch reflex where muscles in the jaw are activated; thus causing the jaw to move

Question 16

What is cranial nerve 1?

Answer 16

olfactory nerve

Question 17

What is a nerve?

Answer 17

a bundle of fibers that uses chemical and electrical signals to send sensory and motor information

Question 18

Which cranial nerves are sensory?

Answer 18

CNs 1, 2, and 3 (olfactory, optic, and oculomotor)

Question 19

What does the olfactory nerve do?

Answer 19

it carries the sense of smell from the nasal cavity to the cerebrum

Question 20

What is cranial nerve 2 and what is it responsible for?

Answer 20

The optic nerve; responsible for eyesight

Question 21

What is cranial nerve 3 and what is it responsible for?

Answer 21

The oculomotor nerve; responsible for moving the eye

Question 22

What is cranial nerve 12 and what is it responsible for?

Answer 22

Hypoglossal nerve; innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except for palatoglossus muscle; involved in speech and swallowing too.

Question 23

What are signs that the hypoglossal nerve is damaged?

Answer 23

tongue is deviated to the side of a lesion or is paralyzed; person cannot stick out their tongue.

Question 24

Where does the hypoglossal nerve originate from?

Answer 24

the medulla oblongata

Question 25

What is cranial nerve 10 and what is it responsble for?

Answer 25

Vagus; has sensory, parasympathetic, and motor functions

Question 26

What is the sensory nerve function of the vagus nerve?

Answer 26

Innervates the skin of the external acoustic meatus and the internal surfaces of the laryngopharynx and larynx. Provides visceral sensation to the heart and abdominal viscera.

Question 27

What is the special sensory nerve function of the vagus nerve?

Answer 27

provides taste to the epiglottis and the root of the tongue

Question 28

What is the motor function of the vagus nerve?

Answer 28

Provides motor innervation to the majority of the muscles of the pharynx, soft palate and larynx.

Question 29

What is the parasympathetic function of the vagus nerve?

Answer 29

Innervates the smooth muscle of the trachea, bronchi and gastro-intestinal tract and regulates heart rhythm.

Question 30

Where does the vagus nerve originate?

Answer 30

in the medulla oblongata

Question 31

What cranial nerves exit the cranium via jugular foramen?

Answer 31

vagus, glossopharyngeal (CN IX), and accesory (XI)

Question 32

What is the auricular branch?

Answer 32

a branch of the vagus nerve found in the head; it provides sensation to the outside of the external auditory canal and the outside ear.

Question 33

What is the pharyngeal branch?

Answer 33

A branch of the vagus nerve found in the neck; provides motor sensation to the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate

Question 34

What is the superior laryngeal nerve?

Answer 34

A branch of the vagus nerve found in the neck that has an external and internal branch. The external part innervates the cricothyroid muscle and the internal part innervates the laryngopharynx and the superior (upper) part of the larynx

Question 35

What is the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 35

A branch of the vagus nerve on the right side only; it innervates most of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Question 36

What are the vagal trunks?

Answer 36

nerves in the thorax formed from the right and left sides of the vagus nerve; its branches form the esophageal plexus, which innervates the smooth muscle of the oesophagus

Question 37

What is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 37

a branch of the vagus nerve located in the thorax; it innervates most of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Question 38

What are cardiac branches?

Answer 38

branches of the vagus nerve found in the thorax; it lowers and regulates heart rate and provides visceral sensation to the heart.

Question 39

Where does the vagus nerve end?

Answer 39

in the abdomen; the vagal trunks end there and they innervate the oesophagus, stomach, and small and large bowels.