Articulation and articulators, bones of the face, and bones of the cranial skeleton Flashcards
What are the mobile articulators?
Tongue, Mandible (lower jaw), soft palate, and lips
What are the immobile articulators?
Teeth, Maxillae (upper jaw), hard palate
What are considered the most important articulators?
Teeth, tongue, hard and soft palates, mandible
What are the intrinsic physical qualities of the vocal tract called?
resonant frequencies or formants
Where does the inferior alveolar nerve of the mandibular branch - one of the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve V- pass through?
The mandibular foramen
Where are the teeth found?
On the alveolar process, the arch, or the crest
What does the maxilla consist of?
nose, hard palate, and upper dental ridge
Where does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve V pass through?
the infraorbital foramen
What articulates with the zygomatic bone?
sphenoid bone, maxilla, frontal bone, and temporal bone
What is the alveolar process?
a region of the maxilla where the upper teeth are held by alveoli
In the maxilla, where do the 2 palatine processes articulate?
the intermaxillary suture
What are the bones of the cranial skeleton?
ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal bones
The _______ is in the sphenoid bone.
pituitary gland
What carries the optic nerve?
the optic foramen
What nerves does the orbital fissure in the sphenoid bone convey?
oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (IV), several branches of the ophthalmic nerv of the trigeminal (V), and abducens nerve (VI)
_________ conveys the maxillary branch coming from the trigeminal nerve.
Foramen rotundum - a circular hole in the botton of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
The ______ come from the posterior corpus and make up a part of the anterolateral skull
greater wings
What partially covers the optic canal?
lesser wings of the sphenoid bone
What is the nasal conchae?
3 small bones (inferior, superior, and middle) that look like scrolls that are found on the lateral surface of the nasal cavity
What bones do the nasal conchae articulate with?
maxillary, palatine, and ethmoid bones
What are some features of the nasal conchae?
They have a thick mucosal lining that has vascular supply; their shape promotes rapid heat exchange by increasing the surface area; it warms and humidifies air before it reaches the lungs
The central fusion of the mandible is at the _____
symphysis mente
What separates the paired mental tubercles in the mandible?
the mental protuberance (the chin)
How does the mandible rotate?
By the head of the condylar process; this part articulates with the skull
What is the condolar process and the coronoid process separated by in the mandible?
the mandibular notch
What is the hard palate made of?
25% of the back of it is made up of the horizontal plate of the palatine bone; maxillary sinus and palatine process make up 75%.
The vomer articulates with _____
lateral and medial pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone; perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, maxillary bones, and palatine bones
What is the palatine bone made up of?
horizontal plate and pyramid process
What separates the midline of the horizontal plates?
posterior nasal spine
In the palatine bone, the perpendicular plate rises superiorly from the ________
horizontal plate
At the superior end of the palatine bones are the ______
orbital processes
The _______ is in the inferior lateral region of the palatine bone
nasal crest
What does the vomer look like?
A knife blade with two wings called alae; it is unpaired
What does the vomer make up?
the posteroinferior nasal septum
What is the nasal septum?
dividing plate between two nasal cavities
What makes up the bony part of the nasal septum?
vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
What makes up the whole nasal septum?
vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and septal cartilage
What bones articulate with the vomer superiorly?
the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, the sphenoid bone
What bones articulate with the vomer inferiorly?
the maxilla and the palatine bones
What causes a deviated septum?
The removal of septal cartilage
How would you describe the ethmoid bone?
complex and delicate
The ethmoid bone is mostly considered a _____ and is present in the ____, ____, and ___ spaces
cranial bone; cranial, nasal, orbital
The superior surface of the ethmoid bone is dominated by the _______
crista galli
What parts are found on both sides of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone?
the cribiform plates
What bones do the zygomatic bone articulate with?
maxillae, frontal bone, sphenoid, and temporal bone
What articulates the zygomatic bone with the maxilla?
the maxillary process
What articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone?
temporal process
What forms the zygomatic arch?
temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
________ articulate with the frontal and sphenoid bones.
Frontal processes
The _______ is where the frontal bone meets the parietal bone.
coronal suture
The frontal bone articulates with the ______, ____, and _______
zygomatic bones, parietal bone, and tiny nasal bones
What bone of the cranial skeleton contributes the most to the cranial structure?
sphenoid bone
What part of the sphenoid bone covers the optic canal?
The lesser wing
What part of the sphenoid bone makes up a part of the anterolateral skull?
the greater wing
The corpus of the sphenoid bone holds the ________
pituitary gland
What part of the sphenoid bone carries (conveys) the optic nerve (CN II)?
optic foramen
What does the supraorbital fissure of the sphenoid bone do?
It conveys (carries) the oculomoter (CN III) nerve, trochlear (CN IV) nerve, many branches of the ophthalmic branch of trigmenal nerve (V), and abducens nerve (CN VI)
Where does the mental nerve, part of the inferior alveolar, which is a part of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, pass through?
the mental foramen
What is the parietal bone?
paired bones that form the middle portion of the brain case
What suture brings the pair of parietal bones together?
sagittal suture
What suture separates the parietal bone from the occipital bone?
the lambdoidal suture
What suture separates the parietal bone from the temporal bones?
squamosal suture
What suture separates the parietal bone from the frontal bone?
the coronal suture
What is the occipital bone?
unpaired bone that makes up the back of the brain and includes the external occipital protuberance
What bones does the occiptal bone articulates with?
temporal, parietal, and sphenoid bone
What is the foramen magnum?
hole in the occipital bone where the spinal cord enters to get into the cranial cavity
What suture separates the temporal bone from the occipital bone?
occipitomastoid suture
What is the temporal bone?
A complex and dense bone divided into 4 parts: squamous, tympanic, petrous, and mastoid
The squamous portion of the temporal bone is near which suture?
squamosal suture
What are the bones of the face?
mandible, maxilla, nasal bones, and palatine bones
What are features of the squamous portion of the temporal bone?
fan-shaped and thin; has the zygomatic process and mandibular fossa; includes the roof of the external auditory meatus (channel through which sound travels to the ear)
What does the zygomatic process of the temporal bone’s squamous portion articulate with?
temporal process of the zygomatic bone; this is called the zygomatic arch
Where is the temporal bone’s mandibular fossa?
below the base of the zygomatic process
How is the Temporomandibular joint formed?
By the mandibular fossa articulating with the condylar process of the mandible
What are features of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone?
includes the anterior and inferior walls of the external auditory meatus
In the tympanic portion of the temporal bone is the _______ which sticks out below the _______and is medial to the ________
styloid process; external auditory meatus; mastoid process
What are features of the petrous portion of the temporal bone?
It contains the cochlea and semicircular canals
Where is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone found?
the posterior part
What do the mastoid portion’s air cells do?
communicate with the tympanic antrum or ear drum cavity
What is the tegmen tympani and where is it found?
a small plate of bone that is above the tympanic antrum; it separates the subarachnoidal space which has the CSF from the air of the middle ear
Medial to the tympanic antrum is the _____
lateral semicircular canal
The bony structure behind the ear is the ______
mastoid process
What do the mastoid air cells do?
protect the ear’s structures, control the ear pressure, and possibly protect the temporal bone during trauma
The coronal suture is also known as
synarthrodial joint
What three holes does the sphenoid have?
optic foramen, supraorbital fissure, and foramen rotundum
