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A & P of speech and hearing mechanism > Articulation and articulators, bones of the face, and bones of the cranial skeleton > Flashcards

Articulation and articulators, bones of the face, and bones of the cranial skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the mobile articulators?

A

Tongue, Mandible (lower jaw), soft palate, and lips

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2
Q

What are the immobile articulators?

A

Teeth, Maxillae (upper jaw), hard palate

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3
Q

What are considered the most important articulators?

A

Teeth, tongue, hard and soft palates, mandible

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4
Q

What are the intrinsic physical qualities of the vocal tract called?

A

resonant frequencies or formants

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5
Q

Where does the inferior alveolar nerve of the mandibular branch - one of the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve V- pass through?

A

The mandibular foramen

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6
Q

Where are the teeth found?

A

On the alveolar process, the arch, or the crest

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7
Q

What does the maxilla consist of?

A

nose, hard palate, and upper dental ridge

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8
Q

Where does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve V pass through?

A

the infraorbital foramen

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9
Q

What articulates with the zygomatic bone?

A

sphenoid bone, maxilla, frontal bone, and temporal bone

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10
Q

What is the alveolar process?

A

a region of the maxilla where the upper teeth are held by alveoli

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11
Q

In the maxilla, where do the 2 palatine processes articulate?

A

the intermaxillary suture

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12
Q

What are the bones of the cranial skeleton?

A

ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal bones

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13
Q

The _______ is in the sphenoid bone.

A

pituitary gland

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14
Q

What carries the optic nerve?

A

the optic foramen

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15
Q

What nerves does the orbital fissure in the sphenoid bone convey?

A

oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (IV), several branches of the ophthalmic nerv of the trigeminal (V), and abducens nerve (VI)

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16
Q

_________ conveys the maxillary branch coming from the trigeminal nerve.

A

Foramen rotundum - a circular hole in the botton of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

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17
Q

The ______ come from the posterior corpus and make up a part of the anterolateral skull

A

greater wings

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18
Q

What partially covers the optic canal?

A

lesser wings of the sphenoid bone

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19
Q

What is the nasal conchae?

A

3 small bones (inferior, superior, and middle) that look like scrolls that are found on the lateral surface of the nasal cavity

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20
Q

What bones do the nasal conchae articulate with?

A

maxillary, palatine, and ethmoid bones

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21
Q

What are some features of the nasal conchae?

A

They have a thick mucosal lining that has vascular supply; their shape promotes rapid heat exchange by increasing the surface area; it warms and humidifies air before it reaches the lungs

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22
Q

The central fusion of the mandible is at the _____

A

symphysis mente

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23
Q

What separates the paired mental tubercles in the mandible?

A

the mental protuberance (the chin)

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24
Q

How does the mandible rotate?

A

By the head of the condylar process; this part articulates with the skull

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25
Q

What is the condolar process and the coronoid process separated by in the mandible?

A

the mandibular notch

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26
Q

What is the hard palate made of?

A

25% of the back of it is made up of the horizontal plate of the palatine bone; maxillary sinus and palatine process make up 75%.

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27
Q

The vomer articulates with _____

A

lateral and medial pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone; perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, maxillary bones, and palatine bones

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28
Q

What is the palatine bone made up of?

A

horizontal plate and pyramid process

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29
Q

What separates the midline of the horizontal plates?

A

posterior nasal spine

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30
Q

In the palatine bone, the perpendicular plate rises superiorly from the ________

A

horizontal plate

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31
Q

At the superior end of the palatine bones are the ______

A

orbital processes

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32
Q

The _______ is in the inferior lateral region of the palatine bone

A

nasal crest

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33
Q

What does the vomer look like?

A

A knife blade with two wings called alae; it is unpaired

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34
Q

What does the vomer make up?

A

the posteroinferior nasal septum

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35
Q

What is the nasal septum?

A

dividing plate between two nasal cavities

36
Q

What makes up the bony part of the nasal septum?

A

vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

37
Q

What makes up the whole nasal septum?

A

vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and septal cartilage

38
Q

What bones articulate with the vomer superiorly?

A

the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, the sphenoid bone

39
Q

What bones articulate with the vomer inferiorly?

A

the maxilla and the palatine bones

40
Q

What causes a deviated septum?

A

The removal of septal cartilage

41
Q

How would you describe the ethmoid bone?

A

complex and delicate

42
Q

The ethmoid bone is mostly considered a _____ and is present in the ____, ____, and ___ spaces

A

cranial bone; cranial, nasal, orbital

43
Q

The superior surface of the ethmoid bone is dominated by the _______

A

crista galli

44
Q

What parts are found on both sides of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone?

A

the cribiform plates

45
Q

What bones do the zygomatic bone articulate with?

A

maxillae, frontal bone, sphenoid, and temporal bone

46
Q

What articulates the zygomatic bone with the maxilla?

A

the maxillary process

47
Q

What articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone?

A

temporal process

48
Q

What forms the zygomatic arch?

A

temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

49
Q

________ articulate with the frontal and sphenoid bones.

A

Frontal processes

50
Q

The _______ is where the frontal bone meets the parietal bone.

A

coronal suture

51
Q

The frontal bone articulates with the ______, ____, and _______

A

zygomatic bones, parietal bone, and tiny nasal bones

52
Q

What bone of the cranial skeleton contributes the most to the cranial structure?

A

sphenoid bone

53
Q

What part of the sphenoid bone covers the optic canal?

A

The lesser wing

54
Q

What part of the sphenoid bone makes up a part of the anterolateral skull?

A

the greater wing

55
Q

The corpus of the sphenoid bone holds the ________

A

pituitary gland

56
Q

What part of the sphenoid bone carries (conveys) the optic nerve (CN II)?

A

optic foramen

57
Q

What does the supraorbital fissure of the sphenoid bone do?

A

It conveys (carries) the oculomoter (CN III) nerve, trochlear (CN IV) nerve, many branches of the ophthalmic branch of trigmenal nerve (V), and abducens nerve (CN VI)

58
Q

Where does the mental nerve, part of the inferior alveolar, which is a part of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, pass through?

A

the mental foramen

59
Q

What is the parietal bone?

A

paired bones that form the middle portion of the brain case

60
Q

What suture brings the pair of parietal bones together?

A

sagittal suture

61
Q

What suture separates the parietal bone from the occipital bone?

A

the lambdoidal suture

62
Q

What suture separates the parietal bone from the temporal bones?

A

squamosal suture

63
Q

What suture separates the parietal bone from the frontal bone?

A

the coronal suture

64
Q

What is the occipital bone?

A

unpaired bone that makes up the back of the brain and includes the external occipital protuberance

65
Q

What bones does the occiptal bone articulates with?

A

temporal, parietal, and sphenoid bone

66
Q

What is the foramen magnum?

A

hole in the occipital bone where the spinal cord enters to get into the cranial cavity

67
Q

What suture separates the temporal bone from the occipital bone?

A

occipitomastoid suture

68
Q

What is the temporal bone?

A

A complex and dense bone divided into 4 parts: squamous, tympanic, petrous, and mastoid

69
Q

The squamous portion of the temporal bone is near which suture?

A

squamosal suture

70
Q

What are the bones of the face?

A

mandible, maxilla, nasal bones, and palatine bones

71
Q

What are features of the squamous portion of the temporal bone?

A

fan-shaped and thin; has the zygomatic process and mandibular fossa; includes the roof of the external auditory meatus (channel through which sound travels to the ear)

72
Q

What does the zygomatic process of the temporal bone’s squamous portion articulate with?

A

temporal process of the zygomatic bone; this is called the zygomatic arch

73
Q

Where is the temporal bone’s mandibular fossa?

A

below the base of the zygomatic process

74
Q

How is the Temporomandibular joint formed?

A

By the mandibular fossa articulating with the condylar process of the mandible

75
Q

What are features of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone?

A

includes the anterior and inferior walls of the external auditory meatus

76
Q

In the tympanic portion of the temporal bone is the _______ which sticks out below the _______and is medial to the ________

A

styloid process; external auditory meatus; mastoid process

77
Q

What are features of the petrous portion of the temporal bone?

A

It contains the cochlea and semicircular canals

78
Q

Where is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone found?

A

the posterior part

79
Q

What do the mastoid portion’s air cells do?

A

communicate with the tympanic antrum or ear drum cavity

80
Q

What is the tegmen tympani and where is it found?

A

a small plate of bone that is above the tympanic antrum; it separates the subarachnoidal space which has the CSF from the air of the middle ear

81
Q

Medial to the tympanic antrum is the _____

A

lateral semicircular canal

82
Q

The bony structure behind the ear is the ______

A

mastoid process

83
Q

What do the mastoid air cells do?

A

protect the ear’s structures, control the ear pressure, and possibly protect the temporal bone during trauma

84
Q

The coronal suture is also known as

A

synarthrodial joint

85
Q

What three holes does the sphenoid have?

A

optic foramen, supraorbital fissure, and foramen rotundum

A & P of speech and hearing mechanism (17 decks)

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