CPR 19 - Introduction to the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is cardiac output? What is the normal range of cardiac output at rest?

Answer 1

Question 2

What is venous return? What is the normal venous return volume?

Answer 2

Question 3

What is stroke volume? What are the normal ranges for stroke volume and heart rate?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the consequences of unequal COs?

Answer 4

Question 5

What proportion of blood volume is found in the venous system?

Answer 5

2/3

Question 6

How does the body control venous return?

Answer 6

Question 7

What is Darcy’s Law?

Answer 7

Question 8

How is blood pressure expressed?

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the pressure gradient between the atrias and ventricles?

Answer 9

Question 10

How do the pressures and resistances of the pulmonary system compare to the systemic circulation.

Answer 10

Pulmonary system has lower pressure/resistance

Question 11

What are the major hormones/neurotransmitters that act as vasoconstrictors and vasodilators?

Answer 11

Vasoconstrictors - NE, angiotensin II

Vasodilators - NO, metabolites (K+, lactate)

Question 12

In which region of the CVS do you see the greatest pressure drop?

Answer 12

From arterioles to capillaries