CPR 11 - Heart 3

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

What does the first pharyngeal arch artery develop into?

Answer 6

Part of the maxillary artery

Question 7

What does the second pharyngeal arch artery develop into?

Answer 7

Hyoid and Stapedial artery and the tympanic branch of the internal carotid

Question 8

What does the third pharyngeal arch artery develop into?

Answer 8

Common carotid artery, external carotid, and proximal part of internal carotid,

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

What does the 4th pharyngeal artery develop into?

Answer 10

Left - part of the aortic arch

Right - proximal part of right subclavian artery

Question 11

What does the 6th pharyngeal artery develop into?

Answer 11

Question 12

From what structures do the external & internal carotid and the aortic arch develop?

Answer 12

Question 13

What causes a double aortic arch? What are the symptoms of this condition?

Answer 13

Typically the distal part of the right dorsal aorta involutes. If it persists it will become a second aortic arch. Symptoms are wheezing that is aggravated by crying, feeding, and neck flexion due to compression of the trachea and esophagus.

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

What could cause the aorta to arch to the right? What could cause a constricting ring around the trachea/esophagus in this case?

Answer 15

Question 16

From what structures do the left and right subclavian arteries develop?

Answer 16

Question 17

What is an anomalous right subclavian artery?

Answer 17

Question 18

How does an anomalous right subclavian artery develop?

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Describe the path fetal blood takes from the placenta to the ductus arteriosus.

Answer 23

Question 24

What structures undergo the most drastic changes at birth? What are those changes?

Answer 24

Question 25

Describe the closure process of the ductus arteriosus.

Answer 25

The DA narrows to the point of functional closure within the first few days of birth. Anatomical closure and formation of the ligamentum arteriosum by the 12th week

Question 26

PDA occurs more frequently in _______ than _______ by a factor of __ to __.

Answer 26

PDA occurs more frequently in females than males by a factor of 2 to 1.

Question 27

What are the most common causes of a PDA?

Answer 27

Rubella Infection in early pregnancy

Down syndrome

Premature birth

High altitude pregnancy

Hypoxia

Low birth weight

Medication (porstaglandins) is given to purposely keep the DA open while awaiting surgical intervention for congentical cardiopathies.

Question 28

How is a PDA typically diagnosed and treated? What is its prognosis?

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

What is coarctation of the aorta? How many types are there? Name and describe each type.

Answer 30

Question 31

Describe the incidence rate of CoA. Mention which populations are most affected. What are the known causes of CoA?

Answer 31

Question 32

What disorder is this an image of?

Answer 32

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 33

How does CoA affect blood circulation? What does this lead to?

Answer 33

The aortic stenosis will cause increase resistance and blood will be shunted through the subclavian system as follows: subclavian > internal thoracic > anterior intercostals > posterior intercostals > descending aorta

This will lead to the formation of rib notches on the inferior margin of ribs 3-8 due to the swelling of the intercostal vessels.

Question 34

Answer 34