CPR 14 - Reactive Oxygen Species Flashcards
List the common free radical and compounds that lead to free radical formation.
What is ROS formation enhanced by?
Describe how superoxide is formed and where in the cell it is formed.
Describe what compound forms superoxide in the ETC.
What scavanges superoxide? How? Where? What cofactors do they use?
What is the most dangerous ROS?
Hydroxyl radical OH
Describe the ways that hydroxyl radical OH is formed.
It can also be formed from water with ionizing radiation
What scavenges H2O2?
Catalase or glutathione peroxidase
Where is catalase found and how does it break down H2O2?
What is GSH?
What does glutathione peroxidase act on besides H2O2? How does it reduce these oxides?
How can PUFAs become oxidized? How is this fixed and what can happen if it isn’t fixed?
What type of nucleic acid polymer is more susceptible to ROS damage and why?
What type of physical injury (not radiation) can lead to radical formation and how?
List the nonenzymatic radical scavengers.
List the dietary radical scavengers and the types of foods they’re found in.
What does a SOD deficiency lead to? What causes this deficiency?
Describe what ALS is, what its symptoms are, and when it usually occurs in life.
Aside from within a peroxisome, why would a cell want to create ROSs and RNOSs? Which cells do this?
How do phagocytic cells make ROSs and RNOSs?
What is a respiratory burst?
When a neutrophil engulfes a pathogen it uses a large amount of oxygen to form superoxides used to kill the pathogen. This comsumption of oxygen is referred to as a respiratory burst.
Where NADPH oxidase found in neutrophils?
Cell membrane
Hypochlorous acid is most effective against which type of pathogens? What is another name for hypochlorous acid?
Bacteria and fungi
bleach
What is the vesicle called that phagocytic cells use to store radicals for killing pathogens?
Phagolysosome
