CPR 08 - Mediastinum

Question 1

What imaginary plane is used to divide the mediastinum? What are the borders of this plane?

Answer 1

Question 2

List the major structures found at the transthoracic plane.

Answer 2

Question 3

At what level is this? Label all the structures

Answer 3

T4

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

List the boundaries if the superior mediastinum.

Answer 5

Question 6

List the contents of the superior mediastinum.

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Describe the divisions of the subclavian artery.

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

What vessel does the vagus nerve follow down into the mediastinum?

Answer 12

The common carotid artery

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Where does the trachea begin and end and what does it consist of? What is unique about the tracheal bifurcation

Answer 16

Question 17

What are the boundaries and divisions of the inferior mediastinum?

Answer 17

Question 18

What are the borders and contents of the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 18

Question 19

What are the borders and contents of the middle mediastinum?

Answer 19

Question 20

What are the borders and contents of the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 20

Question 21

Where does the esophagus start? Where does it enter the thorax? Where does it exit the thorax? Does it maintain a straight path throughout its course?

Answer 21

Question 22

What neurovasculature supplies the thoracic portion of the esophagus?

Answer 22

Question 23

What neurovasculature supplies the abdominal portion of the esophagus?

Answer 23

Question 24

What/where are the esophageal constrictions?

Answer 24

Question 25

What structure does the descending thoracic aorta travel along?

Answer 25

Esophagus

Question 26

At what level does the descending thoracic aorta become the descending abdominal aorta? What occurs here?

Answer 26

Pierces the diapharagm at the T12 level

Question 27

What branches does the thoracic aorta give off as it descends?

Answer 27

Question 28

What is the largest and most prominent lymphatic vessel in the body?

Answer 28

Thoracic duct

Question 29

From where does the thoracic duct receive lymph?

Answer 29

Question 30

Where does the thoracic duct begin and end? Where does it pass from the abdomen to thorax?

Answer 30

Question 31

Describe the positioning and route of the thoracic duct?

Answer 31

Question 32

What are some common ways the thoracic duct can be injured?

Answer 32

Question 33

What can occur from a damaged or blocked thoracic duct?

Answer 33

Chylothorax - a type of pleural effusion. It results from lymph formed in the digestive system (chyle) accumulating in the pleural cavity.

Chylomediastinum - chyle accumulation in the mediastinum

Chylopericardium - chyle accumulation in the pericardium

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

What does the azygos system of veins consist of? What do these vessels arise from? What areas of the body do they drain? What other veins do they meet up with?

Answer 35

Question 36

Describe the route of the azygos vein.

Answer 36

Question 37

From what regions of the body do the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins arise? What vein do they eventually drain into?

Answer 37

Question 38

Name the splanchnic nerves and state what they arise from.

Answer 38

Question 39

What is the diaphragmatic crura?

Answer 39

The crus of diaphragm (pl. crura), refers to one of two tendinous structures that extends below the diaphragm to the vertebral column. There is a right crus and a left crus, which together form a tether for muscular contraction.

Question 40

From which levels do the greater splanchnic nerves arise? how do they enter the abdomen? What nervous structure do they join?

Answer 40

Question 41

From which levels do the lesser splanchnic nerves arise? How do they enter the abdomen? What nervous structure do they join?

Answer 41

Question 42

From which levels do the least splanchnic nerves arise? Which nervous structure do they join?

Answer 42

Question 43

Describe the location and what passes through the diaphragmatic openings.

Answer 43

Question 44

Answer 44

X - the caval opening (for the IVC)

Question 45

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

Answer 45

A condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit

Question 46

What are the common causes of thoracic outlet syndrome?

Answer 46

Question 47

What vein, artery, and nerve are most commonly affected by thoracic outlet syndrome? How are they affected?

Answer 47

Question 48

What are the most common symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome?

Answer 48