CPHM: DEMOGRAPHY Flashcards
is the statistical study of the human population.
Demography
• It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic human population, that is, one that changes over time or space.
Demography
• It encompasses the study of the size, structure, and distribution of these populations, and the changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging, and death
Demography
is the other common direct method of collecting demographic data.
• conducted by a national government
Census
• attempts to enumerate every person in a country. However, in contrast to vital statistics data, which are typically collected continuously and summarized on an annual basis, censuses typically occur only every 10 years or so and thus are not usually the best source of data on births and deaths.
Census
• Analyses are conducted after a census to estimate how much over or undercounting took place.
Census
2 ways of assigning people when the census is being taken
is done when people are assigned to the place where they usually live regardless of where they are at the time of census.
The de jure method
2 ways of assigning people when the census is being taken
is done when the people are assigned to the place where they are physically present at the time of the census regardless of their usual place of residence.
The de facto method
Registration systems such that collected by the________ deal with recording vital events in the community. Vital events refer to births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and the like.
civil registrar’s office
• They typically collect information about families or households, as well as about such individual characteristics as
- age,
- sex,
- marital status,
- literacy/education,
- employment status and occupation, and
- geographical location.
t or f
civil registrar’s office may also collect data on migration (or place of birth or of previous
Ceszenship, In guanties in which the vial registration system may be
incomplete, the censuses are also used as a direct source of information about fertility and mortality;
true
• study of the character, number, and distribution of living organisms residing in or migrating through particular places.
POPULATION
study of population for concepts in sociology, ecology, genetics and evolution by means of natural selection.
quantifiable foundation
(branch of sociology) is the study of the attributes of and changes in the aggregate number of people residing in particular communities around the world and their causes.
Human demography
t or f
- closely associated with social and biological sciences
- examines the relative size of a breeding group with respect to the age structure, number of viable offspring, survival rates, and longevity among separate aggregations
true
There are 3 principal uses of population data in health administration
- The computation of vital and health statistics rates and ratios
- Estimates of Population Size
Estimating the number of population in a smaller area
Maybe done by means of arithmetic and geometric increase method
Mathematical Estimates
assumed that the population increases at a constant amount per year difference between the last two censuses is taken and then divided by the number of year between them to get the average amount of population increase per year
a. Arithmetic Increase Method
- assume that population increases at a constant rate per year
- determination of annual rate of population change
b. Geometric Increase Method
the annual number of live births per 1,000 people.
crude birth rate,
the annual number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age (often taken to be from 15 to 49 years old, but sometimes from 15 to 44).
general fertility rate
the annual number of live births per 1,000 women in particular age groups (usually age 15-19, 20-24 etc.)
age-specific fertility rates
the annual number of deaths per 1,000 people.
crude death rate
the annual number of deaths of children less than 1 year old per 1,000 live births.
infant mortality rate
the number of years that an individual at a given age could expect to live at present mortality levels.
expectation of life
the number of live births per woman completing her reproductive life, if her childbearing at each age reflected current age-specific fertility rates.
total fertility rate
is the average number of children a woman must have to replace herself with a daughter in the next generation.
replacement level fertility
the number of daughters who would be born to a woman completing her reproductive life at current age-specific fertility rates.
gross reproduction rate
the expected number of daughters, per newborn prospective mother, who may or may not survive to and through the ages of childbearing.
net reproduction ratio
one that has had constant crude birth and death rates for such long time that the percentage of people in every age class remains constant, or equivalently, the population pyramid has an unchanging structure.
stable population
one that is both stable and unchanging in size (the difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate is zero).
- A stable population does not necessarily remain fixed in size, it can be expanding or shrinking
stationary population
Populations can change through 3 processes:
- fertility
- mortality
- migration
- involves the number of children that women have and is to be contrasted with fecundity (a woman’s childbearing potential).
Fertility
study of the causes, consequences, and measurement of processes affecting death to members of the population.
mortality
- refers to the movement of persons from an origin place to a destination place across some pre-defined, political boundary
• Migration researchers do not designate movements ‘migrations’ unless they are somewhat permanent.
• Thus demographers do not consider tourists and travelers to be migrating.
• While demographers who study migration typically do so through census data on place of residence, indirect sources of data including tax forms and labor force surveys are also important.
• Migration
t or f
One method of measuring the population size is by determining the increase in the population resulting from excess of births compared to deaths.
true
simply the difference between the number of births and the number of death occurring in a population in a specified period of time
Natural increase
number of births - number of deaths (specified year)
(specified year)
(specified year)
Natural increase
is the difference between the CBR and the CDR occurring in a population in a specified period of time
• Rate of Natural Increase = Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate (specified year)
(specified year)
(specified year)
Rate of Natural increase
measurements the number of people that are added to the population per year.
Absolute increase per year
Absolute increase per year = pt-po/t
Pt= Population size at a late time
Po= Population size at an earlier time
t= number of years between time 0 and the time
formula of Absolute increase per year
Is the actual difference between the two census counts expressed in percent relative to the population size made during an earlier census.
Relative increase
Relative increase= Pt-po/po
Pt= population size at a later time
Po= population size at an earlier time
Relative increase
is commonly described in terms of its age and
• The PHW utilizes data on age and sex composition to decide who among the population groups merits attention in terms of health services and programs.
Population Composition
To describe the sex composition of the population, the nurse computes for the sex ratio. The sex ratio compares the number of males to the number of females in the population using the formula below
Sex composition
t or f
sex ratio= number of males/ number of females x 1000
sex ratio represents the number of males for every 1, 000 females in the population.
true
There are two ways to describe the age composition of the population.
- divides the population into two equal parts.
- So, if the median age is said to be 19 years old, it means half of the population belongs to 19 years and above, while the other half belongs to ages below 19 years old.
Median age
There are two ways to describe the age composition of the population.
- compares the number of economically dependent with the economically productive group in the population.
- economically dependent are those who belong to the 0-14 and 65 above age groups.
- considered to be economically productive are those within the 15- 64 age group.
- The dependency ratio represents the number of economically dependent for every 100 economically productive.
Dependency ratio
The age and sex composition of the population can be described at the same time using a population pyramid.
It is a graphical presentation of the age and sex composition of the population.
- Age and Sex composition
