CHEM SOLUTIONS

Question 1

is a mixture of 2 or more substances in a single phase.

Answer 1

solution

Question 2

One constituent is usually regarded as the __________ and the others as __________.

Answer 2

solvent and solutes

Question 3

the part of a solution that is being dissolved (usually the lesser amount)

Answer 3

SOLUTE

Question 4

the part of a solution that dissolves the solute (usually the greater amount)

Answer 4

SOLVENT

Question 5

Solute + Solvent =

Answer 5

Solution

Question 6

if two liquids dissolve in each other in any proportion as in water and alcohol

Answer 6

Miscible

Question 7

when two liquid components form a single phase when mixed in certain proportions but form two phases when mixed in different proportions like benzene and water

Answer 7

Partially Miscible

Question 8

when two components are insoluble in each other like water and mercury

Answer 8

Immiscible

Question 9

contains the maximum quantity of solute that dissolves at that temperature.

Answer 9

Saturated solution

Question 10

contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a particular temperature

Answer 10

Unsaturated solution

Question 11

contain more solute that a solvent can dissolve at a given temperature

Answer 11

Supersaturated solutions

Question 12

are unstable

only temporary, and usually accomplished in one of two way

Answer 12

Supersaturated solutions

Question 13

when there is evolution of heat during its formation, thus when the components of this solution are mixed, the solution becomes hot, like NaOH in water

Answer 13

Exothermic solution

Question 14

when there is absorption of heat during its formation, thus when the components of this solution are mixed, the solution becomes cold

Answer 14

Endothermic solution

Question 15

a solution which contains a relatively large amount of solute

Answer 15

Dilute solution

Question 16

a solution which contains a relatively large amount of solute

Answer 16

Concentrated solution

Question 17

solution with the same concentration as the standard Normal Saline Solution (0.85 – 0.9% NaCl is isotonic with the concentration of salt in the blood)

Answer 17

Isotonic solution

Question 18

solution whose concentration is lower than the standard

Answer 18

Hypotonic Solution

Question 19

solution whose concentration is greater than the standard

Answer 19

Hypertonic Solution

Question 20

are non-settling.

pass through filters

Answer 20

Particles in a solution

Question 21

are clear even when colored.

Answer 21

Solutions

Question 22

are diffusible

Answer 22

Particles in a solution

Question 23

Movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The particles will mix until they are evenly distributed.

Answer 23

Diffusion

Question 24

can undergo osmosis.

Answer 24

Solutions

Question 25

- Properties determined by the number of particles in solution rather than the type of particles. •Vapor Pressure •Boiling Point •Freezing Point •Osmotic Pressure

Answer 25

Colligative Properties

Question 26

of a liquid is the water temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid

Answer 26

Boiling Point

Question 27

describes the phenomenon that the boiling point of a liquid(a solvent) will be higher when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. This happens whenever a non-volatile solute, such as a salt, is added to a pure solvent, such as water

Answer 27

Boiling-point elevation

Question 28

also known as equilibrium vapor pressure is the pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with its non-vapor phases. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to condense back into their original form (either liquid or solid)

Answer 28

Vapor pressure

Question 29

is always less than the vapor pressure of a pure solvent

Answer 29

Vapor pressure of a solution

Question 30

essentially the same as the melting point of the same substance in its solid form and may be regarded as the temperature at which the solid and liquid states of the substance are in equilibrium.

Answer 30

Freezing point of a pure (unmixed) liquid

Question 31

always lower than in pure solvent.

Answer 31

Freezing point of solutions of a non-volatile compound

Question 32

describes the phenomenon that the freezing point of a liquid (a solvent) is depressed when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a lower freezing point than a pure solvent. This happens whenever a solute is added to a pure solvent, such as water.

Answer 32

Freezing-point depression

Question 33

The phenomenon may be observed in sea water, which due to its salt content remains liquid at temperatures below 0°C, the freezing point of pure water.

Answer 33

Freezing-point depression

Question 34

- is the hydrostatic pressure produced by a difference in concentration between solutions on the two sides of a surface such as a semipermeable membrane.

Answer 34

Osmotic Pressure

Question 35

higher in solutions of higher concentrations.

Answer 35

Osmotic pressure

Question 36

A property of a substance which allows it to form uniform mixtures with other substance or the weight of a substance dissolved by a given weight of volume of solvent at a given temperature.

Answer 36

Solubility

Question 37

when a given solute is readily soluble in a given amount of solvent e.g. sugar in water

Answer 37

Soluble or very soluble

Question 38

when a given solute in a given amount of solvent with the aid of outside factor such as stirring or shaking e.g. sodium sulfate in water

Answer 38

Moderately soluble

Question 39

when the solute is partially dissolved in a given amount of solvent

Answer 39

Slightly soluble

Question 40

when a given solute does not dissolve in a given amount of water e.g. sand in water

Answer 40

Insoluble

Question 41

Heating in general decrease the solubility of a gas in liquids –Increased pressure results in increased solubility of a gas in a liquid

Answer 41

Gases

Question 42

–Relative solubilities of two liquids in each other are determined by its degree of similarity –Liquids of low molecular polarity are readily miscible with each other –Heat increase the miscibility of liquids

Answer 42

Liquids

Question 43

vary in their solubility in liquids –All Na, K, NH4 compounds are soluble –All compounds containing halides except of Ag, Hg and Pb are soluble –All compounds containing nitrates, acetates and chlorates are soluble

Answer 43

Solids

Question 44

All sulfate except Ba, Pb and Sr are soluble while Ag and Ca are slightly soluble –Most oxides, hydroxides, phosphates, carbonates, sulfides except Na, K are insoluble

Answer 44

Solids

Question 45

(t/f) Solubilities of several ionic solid as a function of temperature. MOST salts have greater solubility in hot water.

Answer 45

TRUE

Question 46

(t or f) A few salts have negative heat of solution, (exothermic process) and they become less soluble with increasing temperature.

Answer 46

TRUE

Question 47

which states that the amount of solute gas dissolved in solution is directly proportional to the amount of pressure above the solution.

Answer 47

Henry’s Law

Question 48

Pulverization or grinding of a solid to fine powder will increase area to the solvent

Answer 48

Size of Solute

Question 49

Shaking or stirring bring out about circulation of the solvent and maximum contact between solute and solvent

Answer 49

Agitation

Question 50

Heating increases the solubility of most solids

Answer 50

Temperature

Question 51

Among the halogens, Fluorine is the most active and combines with Hydrogen with explosive violence

Answer 51

Nature of the reactants

Question 52

–This favors reaction. If there is greater contact and collision among the molecules, there is increased reaction velocity.

Answer 52

Close Contact

Question 53

(t or f) Chemical reations proceed more rapidly in higher temperature.

Answer 53

TRUE

Question 54

TRUE OR FALSE •Catalysts –This speeds up the rate of the reaction. Some catalysts form intermediated product with one of the reactants while others are only contact catalysts. Negative catalysts retard the rate of the reaction.

Answer 54

true

Question 55

The more molecules in a definite volume, the greater will the speed of reaction. –is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance. –This can apply to any sort of chemical mixture, but most frequently the concept is limited to homogeneous solutions, where it refers to the amount of solute in a substance.

Answer 55

Concentration