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BM2 RC > CP_Lec (cardiac injury, dyslipid, blood gas) > Flashcards

CP_Lec (cardiac injury, dyslipid, blood gas) Flashcards

1
Q

MATCHING

Chylomicrons
VLDL and CM
β-VLDL, LDL and CM
LDL and VLDL
LDL
VLDL

111

A

β-VLDL, LDL and CM

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2
Q

MATCHING

Chylomicrons
VLDL and CM
β-VLDL, LDL and CM
LDL and VLDL
LDL
VLDL

11b

A

LDL- VLDL

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3
Q

MATCHING

Chylomicrons
VLDL and CM
β-VLDL, LDL and CM
LDL and VLDL
LDL
VLDL

1V

A

VLDL

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4
Q

MATCHING

Chylomicrons
VLDL and CM
β-VLDL, LDL and CM
LDL and VLDL
LDL
VLDL

V

A

VLDL and CM

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5
Q

MATCHING

Chylomicrons
VLDL and CM
β-VLDL, LDL and CM
LDL and VLDL
LDL
VLDL

11a

A

LDL

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6
Q

MATCHING

Chylomicrons
VLDL and CM
β-VLDL, LDL and CM
LDL and VLDL
LDL
VLDL

1

A

Chylomicrons

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7
Q

The following statement describes CORRECTLY chylomicrons & VLDL: *

Chylomicrons leads to turbid serum/plasma, while VLDL forms a creamy top layer.
both Chylomicrons & VLDL forms a creamy top layer
Chylomicrons forms a creamy top layer, while VLDL leads to turbid serum/plasma.
both Chylomicrons &VLDL leads to turbid serum/plasma.

A

Chylomicrons forms a creamy top layer, while VLDL leads to turbid serum/plasma.

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8
Q

Medical disorders that lead to secondary dyslipoproteinemia include *

Thyroid Disease
Kidney Disease
Hepatic Disease
All of the Above

A

All of the Above

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9
Q

A partial deficiency of this substance could result to “Fish-eye disease”: *

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
LDL receptor (LDLR)
Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT)
Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP)

A

Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT)

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10
Q

An individual’s lipid and lipoprotein profile should be measured through Standing Plasma Test, ONLY during the following timing: *

diagnosis is done only after testing at least 2 specimens 2–4 weeks in between.
when the individual is in a metabolic steady state
1st & 3rd choices only
2 months after major surgery.

A

1st & 3rd choices only

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11
Q

Which is the best test to predict coronary heart disease risk? *

HDL-cholesterol
Triglycerides
Total lipids
Total cholesterol

A

Triglycerides

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12
Q

THE LEVELS OF Lactate Dehydrogenase (Choices may be used more than once): *

Normal Patient

LD5>LD4>LD3>LD2>LD1
LD5>LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4
LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4 >LD5
LD1> LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5

A

LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4 >LD5

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13
Q

THE LEVELS OF Lactate Dehydrogenase (Choices may be used more than once): *

Serum in Acute MI

LD5>LD4>LD3>LD2>LD1
LD5>LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4
LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4 >LD5
LD1> LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5

A

LD1> LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5

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14
Q

THE LEVELS OF Lactate Dehydrogenase (Choices may be used more than once): *

CSF in bacterial meningitis

LD5>LD4>LD3>LD2>LD1
LD5>LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4
LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4 >LD5
LD1> LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5

CSF in bacterial meningitis

A

LD5>LD4>LD3>LD2>LD1

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15
Q

THE LEVELS OF Lactate Dehydrogenase (Choices may be used more than once): *

serum in viral hepatitis

LD5>LD4>LD3>LD2>LD1
LD5>LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4
LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4 >LD5
LD1> LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5

A

LD5>LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4

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16
Q

THE LEVELS OF Lactate Dehydrogenase (Choices may be used more than once): *

CSF in hydrocephalus and seizures

LD5>LD4>LD3>LD2>LD1
LD5>LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4
LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4 >LD5
LD1> LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5

A

LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4 >LD5

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17
Q

How would the blood electrophoretogram of a Myocardial Infarct patient show his Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) pattern? *

  • LD2 higher than LD1, then followed by LD3, LD4, & LD5 in decreasing height
  • LD1 higher than LD2, then followed by LD3, LD4, & LD5 in decreasing height
  • LD5 higher than LD4, then followed by LD3, LD2, & LD1 in decreasing order
  • LD5 is highest, followed by LD2, then followed by LD1, LD3, & LD4
A

LD1 higher than LD2, then followed by LD3, LD4, & LD5 in decreasing height

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18
Q

Mr. de la Cerna came into the Emergency Room complaining of crushing, and stabbing pain at the Left Chest, radiating to the Left arm. He claimed the pain started an hour ago, and he begs for help. Which result is most likely to increase at this time? *
2 points
LDH
SGOT
None as yet
Troponin I
CK-MB

A

None as yet***

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19
Q

Standing Plasma Test is done to determine by visual inspection. *

Triglycerides
Chylomicrons
Cholesterol

A

Chylomicrons

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20
Q

A walk-in patient, Mr. Cruz, who weighs 89kg and whose height is 5’6” came in complaining of occasional chest tightness, and Epistaxis (nosebleeding) for which you requested Prothombin Time. How would you qualify his present BMI? *

obese
underweight
normal for his height
overweight

A

obese

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21
Q

It is recommended by ncep that cholesterol screening be repeated every _____. *

2 Years
5 Years
3 Years
10 Years

A

5 Years

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22
Q

Mr. Smith, 77y.o., came in for an executive check-up. The following are his laboratory results: FBS = 150mg/d (Normal 50-110mg/dl); Total Cholesterol = 250mg/dL; HDL = 20mg/dL; Creatine Kinase = 120 IU/mL. He claimed he is well. What is your clinical impression? *

Normal lab results
Probable diabetic, with increased cholesterol, and with painless infarction
Probable diabetic, with increased cholesterol, and normal CK result
Increased lab results, but no infarction, since patient is not smoker

A

Probable diabetic, with increased cholesterol, and with painless infarction??

***e. Probable diabetic, with increased cholesterol, and normal CK result

dili normal ang CK kay CK-MB 25-90 IU/mL

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23
Q

The following drugs alter lipid levels *

All
Postmenopausal Estrogens
Antihypertensive Drugs
Oral Contraceptive Pills

A

All

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24
Q

The signs and symptoms of chylomicron retention disease appear in the first few months of life and they include the following EXCEPT: *

Steatorrhea
Failure of weight-gain and growth
Hypercholesterolemia
Diarrhoea & Vomiting

A

Hypercholesterolemia

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25
Q

Patients with this problem are treated with plasma transfusions during severe hypertriglyceridemia: *

ApoC III excess
Familial hypertriglyceridemia
ApoC-II deficiency
Lipoprotein Lipase deficiency

A

ApoC-II deficiency

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26
Q

Around ____% of myocardial infarction are detected on ECG without the presentation of chest pain. *

10%
25%
0%
5%

A

25%

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27
Q

The VLDL-C/Triglyceride ratio in patients with this problem is > 0.3: *

Familial combined hyperlipidemia
Familial hypertriglyceridemia
Dysbetalipoproteinemia
ApoA-I variants

A

Dysbetalipoproteinemia

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28
Q

CARDIAC MARKERS: *

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

A

B

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29
Q

CARDIAC MARKERS: *

Troponin T (cTnT

A

E

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30
Q

CARDIAC MARKERS: *

Lactate dehydrogenase (LD)

A

D

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31
Q

CARDIAC MARKERS: *

CK-MB

A

C

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32
Q

CARDIAC MARKERS: *

Troponin I (cTnI)

A

A

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33
Q

A patient was extracted at 6:00AM for Lipid Profile, with the following results: TAG = 200mg/dL Total Cholesterol = 220mg/dL HDL cholesterol = 35mg/dL Analyze the patient’s LDL & VLDL, using Friedewald Equation: *

145mg/dL LDL, 30.5mg/dL VLDL
154.23mg/dL LDL, 30.77mg/dL VLDL
40mg/dL LDL, 185mg/dL VLDL
145.0mg/dL LDL, 40.0mg/dL VLDL

A

145.0mg/dL LDL, 40.0mg/dL VLDL

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34
Q

It is recommended that lipoprotein measurements be made no sooner than ____: *
1 point
8 weeks after trauma
2months after acute bacterial or viral infection
3-4 months after childbirth
1st & 3rd choices only
2nd & 3rd choices only
All of the above

A

1st and 3rd choices only

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35
Q

The Chylomicron particles consist of the following: *

triglycerides
phospholipids
cholesterol
1st & 3rd choices only
All of the above

A

All of the above

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36
Q

DESIRED VALUES: *

HDL Cholesterol

<200mg/dL
<150mg/dL
>60mg/dL
<100mg/dL

A

> 60mg/dL

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37
Q

DESIRED VALUES: *

Triglycerides

<200mg/dL
<150mg/dL
>60mg/dL
<100mg/dL

A

<150mg/dL

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38
Q

DESIRED VALUES: *

Total Serum Cholesterol

<200mg/dL
<150mg/dL
>60mg/dL
<100mg/dL

A

<200mg/dL

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39
Q

DESIRED VALUES:

LDL Cholesterol

<200mg/dL
<150mg/dL
>60mg/dL
<100mg/dL

A

<100mg/dL

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40
Q

REFERENCE VALUES: *

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

A) ≤ 100pg/ml
B) 25-90 IU/mL
C) 80-280 U/L at 37 ⁰C
D)5-30 U/L at 37 ⁰C

A

C) 80-280 U/L at 37 ⁰C

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41
Q

REFERENCE VALUES: *

CK-MB

A) ≤ 100pg/ml
B) 25-90 IU/mL
C) 80-280 U/L at 37 ⁰C
D)5-30 U/L at 37 ⁰C

A

B) 25-90 IU/mL

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42
Q

REFERENCE VALUES: *

BNP

A) ≤ 100pg/ml
B) 25-90 IU/mL
C) 80-280 U/L at 37 ⁰C
D)5-30 U/L at 37 ⁰C

A

A) ≤ 100pg/ml

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43
Q

REFERENCE VALUES: *

AST

A) ≤ 100pg/ml
B) 25-90 IU/mL
C) 80-280 U/L at 37 ⁰C
D)5-30 U/L at 37 ⁰C

A

D)5-30 U/L at 37 ⁰C

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44
Q

This dyslipidemia present with a High Triglycerides but with normal Cholesterol: *

Tangier disease
Dysbetalipoproteinemia
Familial hypertriglyceridemia
Abetalipoproteinemia

A

Familial hypertriglyceridemia

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45
Q

Ascertaining patient’s cholesterol level, it is important that they be on their usual diet for _____. *

1 Week
2 Weeks
3 Weeks
4 Weeks

A

1 Week

***4 Weeks

46
Q

Tangier disease is characterized by *

Elevated HDL
Low HDL
Elevated LDL
Low LDL

A

Low HDL

47
Q

These Dyslipidemia present with high cholesterol, elevated LDL-C, but with normal triglycerides, EXCEPT: *

Sitosterolemia
Family defective apoB
Diabetic dyslipidemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia

A

Diabetic dyslipidemia

48
Q

Give the Clinical significance of Chylothorax: *

leakage from the thoracic duct or one of its main tributaries into pleural cavity
related to some Neoplasms
related to some Infections
2nd & 3rd choices only
All of the above

A

All of the above

***leakage from the thoracic duct or one of its main tributaries into pleural cavity

49
Q

The following describe Chylomicron retention disease EXCEPT: *

autosomal recessive disorder
associated with mutations in SAR1B gene
failure on vitamin D and vitamin E absorption
release of chylomicrons in the circulation is inhibited
patient usually obese

A

patient usually obese

50
Q

Major Lipid Increased according to FREDRICKSON PHENOTYPING: *

TAG and cholesterol
Cholesterol
TAG

V

A

TAG and cholesterol

51
Q

Major Lipid Increased according to FREDRICKSON PHENOTYPING: *

TAG and cholesterol
Cholesterol
TAG

11a

A

Cholesterol

52
Q

Major Lipid Increased according to FREDRICKSON PHENOTYPING: *

TAG and cholesterol
Cholesterol
TAG

111

A

TAG and cholesterol

53
Q

Major Lipid Increased according to FREDRICKSON PHENOTYPING: *

TAG and cholesterol
Cholesterol
TAG

1

A

TAG

54
Q

Major Lipid Increased according to FREDRICKSON PHENOTYPING: *

TAG and cholesterol
Cholesterol
TAG

1V

A

TAG

55
Q

Major Lipid Increased according to FREDRICKSON PHENOTYPING: *

TAG and cholesterol
Cholesterol
TAG

11b

A

TAG and cholesterol

56
Q

A blood specimen is drawn for lipoprotein phenotyping. The test results obtained are * Triglyceride, 235 mg/dL (reference range, 40-164 mg/dL* Total cholesterol, 190 mg/dL(reference range, less than 200 mg/dL* Prebeta lipoprotein fraction increased* Beta lipoprotein fraction normal* Chylomicrons present* Serum appearance milky…The best explanation for these results would be that the individual exhibited characteristics of ___________. *

Type 1 hyperlipoproteinemia
Type 1V hyperlipoproteinemia
A normal individual
Type 11 hyperlipoproteinemia

A

Type 1 hyperlipoproteinemia

57
Q

You want to order a Lipid Panel for your walk-in hypertensive patient. However, patient was hesitant to fast overnight and come back the next day since his going out of town & his flight is late afternoon today. Which can be requested immediately without compromising the result? *

Total cholesterol and HDL-C
Triglycerides and LDL-C
Triglycerides & Total Cholesterol
LDL-C & VLDL-C

A

Total cholesterol and HDL-C

58
Q

The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio is a determination that is frequently performed to assess *

Arteriosclerosis
Coromary artery disease
Hyperlipidemia
Fetal lung maturity

A

Fetal lung maturity

59
Q

These drugs can lead to dyslipidemia EXCEPT: *

beta-blockers
estrogens
steroids
penicillin

A

penicillin

60
Q

Corneal opacification can occur in patients with this dyslipidemia: *

All of the above
2nd & 3rd choices only
Familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia
ApoA-1 deficiency and ApoC-III deficiency
ApoA-I variants CORRECT

A

ApoA-1 deficiency and ApoC-III deficiency???

BAKA 2ND AND 3RD CHOICES

apoA-1 variants-corneal opacification, xanthoma and premature coronary disease

ApoA-1 deficiency and ApoC-III deficiency-corneal opacification and premature coronary disease

61
Q

Medications as secondary causes for High Lipids include EXCEPT: *

simvastatin
corticosteroids
estrogens
ß-adrenergic blockers
retinoids/Isotrenitoin

A

simvastatin

62
Q

Mrs. Brown arrived in an ambulance from the next town after 4days of excruciating and squeezing left chest pain. Which of the following tests will be the LEAST useful to confirm the diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction at this time? *

CKMB
LDH
AST
Myoglobin

A

CKMB

***Myoglobin

murag CKMB and sakto kay LEAST man ang gina ask. then after 4 days na ayha pa nacheck ang patient.

63
Q

“The deadly quartet” of prominent symptoms include the following EXCEPT: *

abdominal obesity
hyperchylomicronemia
insulin resistance
hypertension
hypertriglyceridemia

A

hyperchylomicronemia

64
Q

A baby was born to a mother who had no prenatal check-up, & who is not sure of her AOG because of irregular menses. The baby was observed to exhibit deep difficult breathing, & was developing cyanosis (bluish skin discoloration). Which of these fetal amniotic fluid test results will be the best explanation? *

Lecithin : Sphingomyelin ratio = 1.2
Lecithin : Sphingomyelin ratio = 2.8
Lecithin : Sphingomyelin ratio = 1.5
Lecithin : Sphingomyelin ratio = 2.0

A

Lecithin : Sphingomyelin ratio = 1.2

65
Q

These are risk factors for developing Myocardial Infarction EXCEPT: *

physical inactivity
diabetes mellitus
cigarette smoking
Goiter

A

Goiter

66
Q

The pO2 value in the peripheral tissues: *
75mmHg
40 mmHg
50 mmHg
100 mmHg

A

40 mmHg

67
Q

Normally the levels of bicarbonate and carbonic acid are maintained at a ratio of ___. *
2:1
1:20
20:2
20:1

A

20:1

68
Q

An increased P50 means that the affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen *

equals with CO2
is not affected
goes higher
Lowers

A

Lowers

69
Q

This is the ONLY condition that allows the Physician to do Arterial Blood Extraction: *
Cannulation of the vessel anticipated
Coagulation defects
Erythematous skin in sampling area
Inadequate collateral circulation
Allen’s test return color after 5 secs

A

Allen’s test return color after 5 secs

70
Q

Physiologic effects of alkalosis EXCEPT: *
increased bone resorption
Arrhythmias
inhibition of respiratory drive
increased neuromuscular excitability

A

increased bone resorption

71
Q

This is NOT among the causes of Hypoventilation leading to Respiratory Acidosis:

neuromuscular disorders
disorders of the chest wall
chronic obstructive lung disease
acid volume contraction
acute airway obstruction

A

acid volume contraction

72
Q

Given an arterial blood with pCO2 of 40mmHg and a total of CO2 of 30mmol/L. Determine the HCO3- concentration. *
24 mmol/L
14.6 mmol/L
1.2mmol/L
28.8mmol/L

A

28.8mmol/L

24 answer sa phinma

SAKTO ANG 28.8 mao diay gamay passing rate sa PHINMA charrotttttt

73
Q

A patient just turned 22years old today. He asked you as his Attending Physician how many liters of Free Pure Oxygen has he inhaled thus far: *

4,415, 600L
4, 641,500L
4,416,500L
4,006,500L

A

4,416,500L

74
Q

This is NOT among the physiologic effects of acidosis: *

hypokalemia
increase in intracranial pressure
kussmaul respirations
resistance to the effects of catecholamines

A

hypokalemia

75
Q

P50 values refer to the following EXCEPT: *
the partial pressure at which hemoglobin is half-saturated with oxygen xxx
the other oxygen molecule has been delivered to the tissues
the affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen
oxygen partial pressure in the lungs

A

oxygen partial pressure in the lungs

76
Q

Diagnose these disorders of hydrogen Ion homeostasis: *

Metabolic Acidosis Compensated
Respiratory Alkalosis Compensated
Respiratory Acidosis Compensated
Metabolic Alkalosis Compensated

pH = >7.4;
HCO3- = >26mEq/L;
PCO2= >45mmHg

A

Metabolic Alkalosis Compensated

77
Q

Diagnose these disorders of hydrogen Ion homeostasis: *

Metabolic Acidosis Compensated
Respiratory Alkalosis Compensated
Respiratory Acidosis Compensated
Metabolic Alkalosis Compensated

pH = >7.4;
HCO3- = <24mEq/L;
PCO2= <35mmHg

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Compensated

78
Q

Diagnose these disorders of hydrogen Ion homeostasis: *

Metabolic Acidosis Compensated
Respiratory Alkalosis Compensated
Respiratory Acidosis Compensated
Metabolic Alkalosis Compensated

pH = <7.4;
HCO3- = >26mEq/L;
PCO2= >45mmHg

A

Respiratory Acidosis Compensated

79
Q

> Normal Ranges: *

95-100%
80-100mmHg
35-45mmHg
24-26mEq/L
7.35-7.45

pCO2

A

35-45mmHg

80
Q

> Normal Ranges: *

95-100%
80-100mmHg
35-45mmHg
24-26mEq/L
7.35-7.45

HCO3-

A

24-26mEq/L

81
Q

> Normal Ranges: *

95-100%
80-100mmHg
35-45mmHg
24-26mEq/L
7.35-7.45

pO2

A

80-100mmHg

82
Q

Describe the compensatory responses to the following disorders of hydrogen Ion homeostasis: *

reabsorption of bicarbonates
excretion of bicarbonates
hypoventilation
hyperventilation

pH = <7.4;
HCO3- = <24mEq/L;
PCO2= <35mmHg

A

hypoventilation

(metabolic acidosis: reabsorption of bicarbonates??)

83
Q

Describe the compensatory responses to the following disorders of hydrogen Ion homeostasis: *

reabsorption of bicarbonates
excretion of bicarbonates
hypoventilation
hyperventilation

pH = >7.4;
HCO3- = >26mEq/L;
PCO2= >45mmHg

A

hyperventilation

(metabolic alkalosis: excretion of bicarbonates??)

84
Q

Describe the compensatory responses to the following disorders of hydrogen Ion homeostasis: *

reabsorption of bicarbonates
excretion of bicarbonates
hypoventilation
hyperventilation

pH = >7.4;
HCO3- = <24mEq/L;
PCO2= <35mmHg

A

excretion of bicarbonates???

(respiratory alkalosis)

85
Q

State the causes of the following disorders of hydrogen Ion homeostasis: *

Kidney failure, shock, diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperventilation, pain, anxiety
Pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic vomiting, low blood potassium

pH = >7.4;
HCO3- = >26mEq/L;
PCO2= >45mmHg

A

Hyperventilation, pain, anxiety???

(metabolic alkalosis: Chronic vomiting, low blood potassium)

86
Q

State the causes of the following disorders of hydrogen Ion homeostasis: *

Kidney failure, shock, diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperventilation, pain, anxiety
Pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic vomiting, low blood potassium

pH = <7.4;
HCO3- = >26mEq/L;
PCO2= >45mmHg

A

Kidney failure, shock, diabetic ketoacidosis***

(respi acidosis: Pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease??)

87
Q

State the causes of the following disorders of hydrogen Ion homeostasis: *

Kidney failure, shock, diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperventilation, pain, anxiety
Pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic vomiting, low blood potassium

pH = <7.4;
HCO3- = <24mEq/L;
PCO2= <35mmHg

A

Pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease***

(metabolic acidosis: Kidney failure, shock, diabetic ketoacidosis??)

88
Q

In the peripheral tissues, ______diffuses out of the red blood cells, accompanied by the exchange of _____ into the red blood cells. *

Carbonic acid; bicarbonates
Chloride; carbonic acid
Hydrogen; carbonic acid
Bicarbonates; chloride

A

Bicarbonates; chloride

89
Q

_______ diffuses into red blood cells where it reacts with water to form _______, which after catalysis, readily splits into hydrogen ions and _______. *

O2; carbonic acid; bicarbonate
CO2; O2; bicarbonate
Bbicarbonate; CO2; carbonic acid
CO2; carbonic acid; bicarbonate

A

CO2; carbonic acid; bicarbonate

90
Q

Once the hemoglobin molecule has started binding with oxygen, its affinity for the succeeding oxygen molecules increases. This is known as the ____. *

Cooperative effect
Chloride shift effect
Bohr effect
Allosteric effect

A

Cooperative effect

91
Q

A 40 yo. patient was rushed to the emergency room for difficulty breathing. Chest X-ray shows
bilateral pleural effusion. Thoracentesis was done which revealed whitish, cloudy fluid. Which of
the following findings will confirm a Chylothorax condition?
a. Triglycerides values 2.0 mmol/1; cholesterol 5 mmol/L
b. None of the above
c. Triglycerides values 2.3 mmol/1; cholesterol 7mmol/L
d. All the above
e. Triglycerides values 1.0 mmol/1; cholesterol 6.8 mmol/L
f. Triglycerides values 1.2 mmol/; cholesterol 5.5 mmol/L

A

e. Triglycerides values 1.0 mmol/1; cholesterol 6.8 mmol/L

92
Q

As oxygen is delivered by the red blood cells to the tissues, the the four chains of the
hemoglobin molecule charged:
a. Positively, carbonic anhydrase, negatively
b. Positively, 2,3-BPG, negatively
c. Negatively, 2,3-BPG, positively
d. Negatively, carbonic anhydrase, positively

A

c. Negatively, 2,3-BPG, positively

93
Q

This is the major product of the Luebering-Rapoport pathway which is predominant in red blood cells.
a. Chloride
b. 2,3 bis-phosphoglycerate
c. Carbamino compounds
d. Bicarbonates

A

b. 2,3 bis-phosphoglycerate

94
Q

diffuses into red blood cells where it reacts with water to form which after catalysis, readily
splits into Hydrogen ions and _____?
a. Bicarbonate; CO2, carbonic acid
b. CO2, carbonic acid, bicarbonate
c. Carbonic acid, 02, bicarbonate
d. Carbonic acid, CO2, bicarbonate

A

b. CO2, carbonic acid, bicarbonate

95
Q

In the peripheral tissues, ____diffuses out of the red blood cells, accompanied by the exchange
of ____into the red blood cells.

a. Hydrogen, chloride
b. Bicarbonates, carbonic acid
c. Bicarbonates, chloride
d. Hydrogen, carbonic acid

A

c. Bicarbonates, chloride

96
Q

The following can trigger Metabolic Acidosis:
a. Diarrhea
b. Enterocutaneous fistula
c. Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis Type 2
d. Enteric diversion of urine
e. Topiramate therapy
f. 1st & 3rd choices only
g. 2nd & 4th choices only

A

g. 2nd & 4th choices only

97
Q

H+ binds with hemoglobin as it releases oxygen into the tissues. This is called the:
a. Chloride shift
b. Allosteric effects
c. Cooperative effects
d. Bohr effect

A

d. Bohr effect

98
Q

State the clinical condition:

pH >7 4, high Bicarbonate, high PC02

a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Respiratory acidosis

A

a. Metabolic alkalosis

99
Q

State the clinical condition:

pH <7.4, low Bicarbonate, low PCO2

a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Respiratory acidosis

A

c. Metabolic acidosis

100
Q

State the clinical condition:

pH <7.4, high Bicarbonate, high PCO2

a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Respiratory acidosis

A

d. Respiratory acidosis

101
Q

State the clinical condition:

pH >7 4, low Bicarbonate, low PC02

a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Respiratory acidosis

A

b. Respiratory alkalosis

102
Q

This constitutes about 94%-95% of total carbon dioxide in the whole blood.
a. Bicarbonate
b. Carbonic acid
c. Hydrogen

A

a. Bicarbonate

103
Q

Physiological effect of alkalosis except

a. Increase bone reabsorption
b. Resistance to the effects of catecholamines
c. Increase in intracranial pressure
d. Kussmaul respirations
e. Hypokalemi

A

a. Increase bone reabsorption

104
Q

A patient just turned 22years old today. He asked you as his Attending Physician how many liters
of Free Pure Oxygen has he inhaled thus far:

a. 244, 641,500 L
b. 4,006,500 L
c. 4,415, 600 L
d. 4,416,500 L
e. 4,414, 600

A

d. 4,416,500 L

105
Q

This is NOT among the physiological effect of acidosis:
a. Resistance to the effects of catecholamines
b. Increase in intracranial pressure
c. Kussmaul respirations
d. Hypokalemia

A

d. Hypokalemia

106
Q

Respiratory alkalosis is very commonly induced by the following EXCEPT:
a. CNS depression
b. Aspirin intoxication
c. Sepsis
d. Liver failure

A

a. CNS depression

107
Q

Functions of Electrolytes: Maintenance of ph is primarily done by
a. Na+
b. Catt
c. Mg
d. HCO3
e. Fe

A

d. HCO3

108
Q

As oxygen is delivered by the red blood cells to the tissues, the ___charged ____fits into
a ____charged crevice formed by the four chains of the hemoglobin molecule.
a. Positively
b. 2,3-BPG
c. Carbonic anhydrase
d. None of the above
e. Negatively

A

e. Negatively

b. 2,3-BPG

a. Positively

109
Q

_____diffuses into red blood cells where it reacts with water to form _____which after
catalysis, readily splits into hydrogen ions and _____.

a. Bicarbonate
b. Carbonic acid
c. CO2
d. O2

A

c. CO2

b. Carbonic acid

a. Bicarbonate

110
Q

The following describe Chylomicron retention disease EXCEPT:
a. Associated w/ mutations in SAR1B gene
b. Px usually obese
c. Px usually obese & associated w mutation in SAR1B Gene
d. Release of chylomicrons in the circulation is inhibited

A

a. Associated w/ mutations in SAR1B gene

111
Q

A medical lab science student has submitted himself for an Executive check-up. His lipid panel
gives the ff results: TC=240 mg/dL; HDL=40 mg/dL; LDL=160 mg/dL; VLDL=40 mg/dL;
triglycerides=200 mg/dL. Which statement would best apply?
a. He has some level of protection against heart disease since his age is still young
b. He is at high risk for heart disease
c. His results are normal
d. He has some level of protection against heart disease
e. Since his HDL is w/in the normal limits

A

b. He is at high risk for heart disease

BM2 RC (7 decks)

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