CP3(C4) Flashcards
– this is thought to protect the wax layer from
abrasion of foreign subjects
Cement layer
– prevent loss of water; important in the
resistance to invasion of pathogens; main barrier to the penetration of insecticides.
Wax layer
– barrier between old and new cuticle
during molting
Cuticulin layer
innermost layer
Homogenous layer
– a group of soluble proteins
Arthropodins
– forms a rubber-like framework, found sometimes in pure form in skeletal articulations
Resilin
– stabilized proteins responsible for the hard, horny character of the cuticle
Sclerotins
are the chemical
messengers of multicellular
organisms that allow the cells to
communicate and engage in
coordinated responses.
Hormones
Two types of endocrine organs in insects
Neurosecretory cells
Specialized endocrine glands
– mainly within the central nervous system
Neurosecretory cells
– corpora cardiaca, corpora allata and prothoracic glands
Specialized endocrine glands
Are maybe modified motor neurons which act to link the central nervous system with epithelial endocrine glands whose secretions control differentiation
Neurosecretory cells
Arise embryologically as ingrowths of the dorsal wall of the stomodeum
Corpora cardiac
Always found associated with the corpora cardiac but are true epithelial glands
Corpora allata
Develop in close association with the salivary glands as ingrowths of the ectoderm in the labium
Prothoracic glands
- the basic functional unit of the nervous
system - consists of a cell body, one or more
axons and dendrites
Neuron/nerve cell
- have a single stalk
from the cell body that
connects with the axon
Unipolar
- cell body bears an
axon & a single, branched or
unbranched dendrite
Bipolar
- have an axon and several branched dendrites
Multipolar
Neurons ‘communicate’ with one another & with other cells either electrically or chemically via neurotransmitters through small space called _________.
SYNAPSES
Area where neurons are concentrated
ganglia
Composed of a double chain of
ganglia joined by longitudinal
connectives
Central Nervous System
connects to the ventral chain of
ganglia via two connectives that
travel around the pharynx.
Brain
is highly complex & innervates the
sense organs & muscles
associated the mouthparts,
salivary glands & neck region.
Sub-=esophageal ganglion
- connects the brain to the stomatogastric
subsytem
Frontal ganglion
– associated with two endocrine glands
Hypocerebral ganglion
– contain the sensory & motor centers for their respective segments
Thoracic ganglia
– each abdominal segment possesses a ganglion with the final ganglion associated with the genitalia
Abdominal ganglia
Nerves associated with the brain, salivary glands, and the foregut are the stomatogastric
subsystem.
Visceral Nervous System
All of the nerves with synapses to the central and the visceral nervous systems comprise the ________ _________ system.
Peripheral Nervous System
3 Sensory Systems
Photoreceptor - detect light
Chemoreceptor - detect chemical substances
Mechanoreceptor - detect movements and vibration
provides the power for locomotory and other movements. It is comprised of from several hundred to a few thousand individual muscle.
muscular system
– to move one part of the exoskeleton in relation to one another
Skeletal muscles
– forms layer of tissue enveloping internal organs such as heart, gut and reproductive tract
Visceral muscle
