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Crop Protection > CP3(C2) > Flashcards

CP3(C2) Flashcards

1
Q

Is the increase in cell size and number that take place during the life history of an organism.

A

Growth

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2
Q

Encompasses the biology of regeneration and reproduction, metamorphosis, and growth and differentiation of stem cells in the adult organism

A

Development

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3
Q

Is a biological process by which new individual organism or offspring are produced from their parents(asexual or sexual).

A

Reproduction

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4
Q

Is a noncellular material
that is located on top of the epidermal
cell layer and constitutes the outermost
part of the integument.

A

Exoskeleton

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5
Q

Is a periodic shedding of
the cuticle followed by the
formation of a new cuticle

A

Molting

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6
Q

Is a major constituent of the
exoskeleton, or external skeleton, of
many arthropods such as insects,
spiders, and crustaceans.

A

Chitin

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7
Q

What are the two processes involve in molting?

A

Apolysis
Ecdysis
Sclerotisation

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8
Q

–the separation of old cuticle from underlying epidermis as mediated in part by ecdysone hormone

A

Apolysis

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9
Q

actual shedding of the remnants of the old cuticle as mediated by eclosion hormone

A

Ecdysis

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10
Q

the remains of an exoskeleton
and related structures that are
left after ecdysozoans have
moulted.

A

Exuvia

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11
Q

Is a biological process by which an animal (ecdysozoans) physically develops including birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal’s body structure through cell growth and differentiation
.

A

Metamorphosis

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12
Q

What are the types of Development?

A
  1. Ametabolous
  2. Hemimetabolous
  3. Paurometabolous
  4. Holometabolous
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13
Q

No metamorphosis. These insects are primitively wingless where the only difference between adult and nymph is size.

A

Ametabolous

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14
Q

Incomplete metamorphosis - The immature stage inhabits in water and are called naiad. Wings appear as buds (wing pad) on the early instars. When the last molt is completed the wings expand to the full adult size.

A

Hemimetabolous

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15
Q

Incomplete metamorphosis
- The immature stage inhabits in terrestrially and are called nymphs. Insect young are usually similar to the adult. Wings appear as buds on the nymphs or early instars. When the last molt is completed the wings expand to the full adult size.

A

Paurometabolous

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16
Q

Complete metamorphosis
- These insects have a different form in their immature and adult stages, have different behaviors and live in different habitats.

A

Holometabolous

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17
Q

Types of Reproduction

A
  1. Oviparity
  2. Viviparity
  3. Parthenogenisis
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18
Q

Egg Types

A

Singly Laid
1. Scalptured egg
2. Elongated egg
3. Rounded egg
4. Nit
5. Egg with Float

Laid in Group
1. Pedicellate eggs
2. Barrel shaped eggs
3. Ootheca
4. Egg pod
5. Egg case
6. Egg mass
7. Egg raft

19
Q

Can be define as the number of broods or generations produced in a year in the life cycle of an organism under natural conditions.

A

Voltinism

20
Q

This insects hatch one a year, so have one generation per year.

A

Univoltine

21
Q

This insect hatch twice a year, thus having two generations per year.

A

Bivoltine

22
Q

These insects can hatch several eggs in a year, so may have multiple generations per year.

A

Multivoltine

23
Q

It is the process which the body changes food and drink into energy

A

Metabolism

24
Q

What are the two processes of metabolism

A
  1. Catabolism
  2. Anabolism
25
Q

Involves the enzymatic degradation of large nutrient molecules from an organism reserved or from the environment

A

Catabolism

26
Q

Is the enzymatic synthesis of large cell components from small precursors

A

Anabolism

27
Q

What are the 3 sources of Enzyme

A
  1. Salivary Glands
  2. Digestive enzyme of the midgut
  3. Microorganisms
27
Q

The final stages of chemical digestion of the
food occur within the cells of the ________

A

Midgut

28
Q

the structural component of plant cell walls, is an un-branched glucose polymer

A

Cellulose

29
Q

Cellulose chains contain about_____ glucose units

A

5,000 glucose units

30
Q

an enzyme that can hydrolyze cellulose & free glucose from cellulose.

A

Cellulase

31
Q

– is the exchange of food between the colony members in social insect

A

Trophallaxis

32
Q

is most specialized in some insects that digest cellulose (termites), the hindgut is divided into several chambers harboring bacteria/protozoa that digest cellulose.

A

Hindgut

33
Q

or subterranean termite

A

Termitinae

33
Q

or snouted termites

A

Nasutitermitinae

34
Q

humus feeding species w/ cultures of bacteria in their hindgut to ferment plant material

A

Apicotermitinae

35
Q

or fungus-growing termites

A

Macrotermitinae

36
Q

the fungus, genus__________, is only found inside termite nests, and breaks down the feces & termites then eat it.

A

Temitomyces

37
Q

forms part of the hard outer integument especially of insects, arachnids, & crustaceans

A

Chitin(C8H13NO5)

38
Q

Is the main protein wool, hair and feathers, made of polypeptide chains

A

Keratin

39
Q

The larvae of Hypoderma (Diptera) & some blowflies are known to secrete a ___________
the collagen of animal tissues.

A

Collagenase

40
Q

maintains the internal environment of the insect by separating and eliminating metabolic wastes and other toxic substances from body compartments.

A

Excretory system

41
Q

are the primary excretory organs of insects but operate in a different manner than do kidneys, which base their filtration on hydrostatic pressure

A

Malpighian tubules

Crop Protection (8 decks)

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