CP3(C2) Flashcards
Is the increase in cell size and number that take place during the life history of an organism.
Growth
Encompasses the biology of regeneration and reproduction, metamorphosis, and growth and differentiation of stem cells in the adult organism
Development
Is a biological process by which new individual organism or offspring are produced from their parents(asexual or sexual).
Reproduction
Is a noncellular material
that is located on top of the epidermal
cell layer and constitutes the outermost
part of the integument.
Exoskeleton
Is a periodic shedding of
the cuticle followed by the
formation of a new cuticle
Molting
Is a major constituent of the
exoskeleton, or external skeleton, of
many arthropods such as insects,
spiders, and crustaceans.
Chitin
What are the two processes involve in molting?
Apolysis
Ecdysis
Sclerotisation
–the separation of old cuticle from underlying epidermis as mediated in part by ecdysone hormone
Apolysis
actual shedding of the remnants of the old cuticle as mediated by eclosion hormone
Ecdysis
the remains of an exoskeleton
and related structures that are
left after ecdysozoans have
moulted.
Exuvia
Is a biological process by which an animal (ecdysozoans) physically develops including birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal’s body structure through cell growth and differentiation
.
Metamorphosis
What are the types of Development?
- Ametabolous
- Hemimetabolous
- Paurometabolous
- Holometabolous
No metamorphosis. These insects are primitively wingless where the only difference between adult and nymph is size.
Ametabolous
Incomplete metamorphosis - The immature stage inhabits in water and are called naiad. Wings appear as buds (wing pad) on the early instars. When the last molt is completed the wings expand to the full adult size.
Hemimetabolous
Incomplete metamorphosis
- The immature stage inhabits in terrestrially and are called nymphs. Insect young are usually similar to the adult. Wings appear as buds on the nymphs or early instars. When the last molt is completed the wings expand to the full adult size.
Paurometabolous
Complete metamorphosis
- These insects have a different form in their immature and adult stages, have different behaviors and live in different habitats.
Holometabolous
Types of Reproduction
- Oviparity
- Viviparity
- Parthenogenisis
Egg Types
Singly Laid
1. Scalptured egg
2. Elongated egg
3. Rounded egg
4. Nit
5. Egg with Float
Laid in Group
1. Pedicellate eggs
2. Barrel shaped eggs
3. Ootheca
4. Egg pod
5. Egg case
6. Egg mass
7. Egg raft
Can be define as the number of broods or generations produced in a year in the life cycle of an organism under natural conditions.
Voltinism
This insects hatch one a year, so have one generation per year.
Univoltine
This insect hatch twice a year, thus having two generations per year.
Bivoltine
These insects can hatch several eggs in a year, so may have multiple generations per year.
Multivoltine
It is the process which the body changes food and drink into energy
Metabolism
What are the two processes of metabolism
- Catabolism
- Anabolism
Involves the enzymatic degradation of large nutrient molecules from an organism reserved or from the environment
Catabolism
Is the enzymatic synthesis of large cell components from small precursors
Anabolism
What are the 3 sources of Enzyme
- Salivary Glands
- Digestive enzyme of the midgut
- Microorganisms
The final stages of chemical digestion of the
food occur within the cells of the ________
Midgut
the structural component of plant cell walls, is an un-branched glucose polymer
Cellulose
Cellulose chains contain about_____ glucose units
5,000 glucose units
an enzyme that can hydrolyze cellulose & free glucose from cellulose.
Cellulase
– is the exchange of food between the colony members in social insect
Trophallaxis
is most specialized in some insects that digest cellulose (termites), the hindgut is divided into several chambers harboring bacteria/protozoa that digest cellulose.
Hindgut
or subterranean termite
Termitinae
or snouted termites
Nasutitermitinae
humus feeding species w/ cultures of bacteria in their hindgut to ferment plant material
Apicotermitinae
or fungus-growing termites
Macrotermitinae
the fungus, genus__________, is only found inside termite nests, and breaks down the feces & termites then eat it.
Temitomyces
forms part of the hard outer integument especially of insects, arachnids, & crustaceans
Chitin(C8H13NO5)
Is the main protein wool, hair and feathers, made of polypeptide chains
Keratin
The larvae of Hypoderma (Diptera) & some blowflies are known to secrete a ___________
the collagen of animal tissues.
Collagenase
maintains the internal environment of the insect by separating and eliminating metabolic wastes and other toxic substances from body compartments.
Excretory system
are the primary excretory organs of insects but operate in a different manner than do kidneys, which base their filtration on hydrostatic pressure
Malpighian tubules
