Cows Flashcards by Jess Martini

When are placentomes palpable

75-90 days gestation

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When is the fetus palpable

60 days (may be out of reach after 4-7m)

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When and where is the uterine artery fremitus evident`

Ipsilateral- 4m; bilateral at 7m

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T/F Uterine artery fremitus indicates viable pregnancy

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When does metritis typically occur

Within 2 weeks of calving

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Name the 4 risk factors of metritis

Retained fetal memb, dystocia, stillbirth, twinning

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What does brucella abortus cause in the pregnant cow

late gestation abortions, placentitis

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T/F Taylorella equigenitalis causes venereal disease in cows

F- only horses

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Most common BVD congenital effect

Cerebellar hypoplasia (less: microphthalmia, hydraencephaly)

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At what point of McMaster result should calves be de-wormed

300-400 egg count (this is when weight loss happens)

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Most common time for displaced abomasum

four weeks post-partum

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TPN formula- 15 d calf

1L each of: 10% am acids, 50% gluc, 10% lipid

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Prohibited Abx - food animal

chloramphenicol, FQs, vancomycin, most sulfas (except sulfadimethoxine)

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What does 7 way vax cover

7 way bacterin vax: Clostridium: chauvoei, septicum, novyi A and B, sordellii and perfringens C & D

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What are the big 5 calf D agents

crypto, salmonella, eneterpathic/enterotoxic e. coli, rotavirus, corona virus

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US BVD genotypes

1a 1b 2a

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Moroccan leather appearance of abomasum- agent

(cobblestone) Ostertagia- larva in glands form nodules, seasonally emerge and cause signs

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Tx frothy bloat

Oral poloxalene or cooking oil

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Rectangular or triangular eggs in fecal egg count of health cows; agent, lifecycle

Moniezia tapeworm eggs; oribatid mites in soil eaten by host; (usually non pathogenic but can cause intestinal stasis)

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Tx rumen acidosis

Magnesium Oxide (becomes MgOH in rumen)

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Oat toxicosis effects

renal and GI signs- Tannins damage mucosa; hemorrhagic D and renal tubular necrosis

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How does coccidia produce nervous coccidiosis in cattle

Elaboration of heat-labile neurotoxin

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Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- agent, CS

Bovine herpes virus 1- UPPER respiratory signs and white plaques on conjuntiva and nasal epithelium

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Tx bovine papillomavirus

Autogenous vaccine from herd

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Cause of LSA

BLV (bovine leukemia virus)- lentivirus

Herd test for BLV

ELISA- gp51 Ag

Honking cough, pulmonary edema, emphysema- agent

BRSV- paramyxovirus

BVD congenital disorders

Cerebellar hypoplasia, microphthalmia, hydranencephaly

Timing of PI of BVD

less than 125 days gestation

Three zoonotic parapox viruses

pseudocowpox, contagious ecthyma, bovine papular stomatitis (BPS)

Ddx proliferative teat lesions

pseudocowpox, VS, bluetongue

Small raised lesions in gums/dental pad in calf

BPS (no GI signs, no other oral lesions)

Cause of mucosal dz

BVD conversion from NCP to CP in PI

Lumpy jaw agent, tx

Actinomyces bovis (G+), Na-Iodide (cull)

Woody tongue agent, tx

Actinobacillus ligniersii (G-), Na-Iodide

Painful cough, elicited on laryngeal palpation in calf under 1.5 y

Calf diptheria- fusobacterium necrophorum

Zoonotic salmonella causing watery green diarrhea, tx

Salmonella Typhimurium, ceftiofur

Respiratory signs, lameness, +/- otitis media neuro signs- agent, dx

Mycoplasma bovis- culture with hayflick's agar

How is mycoplasma bovis transmitted

Milk

Obligate bovine genital tract agent causing abortion

Campylobacter fetus venerealis

Urine pH goal in DCAD to avoid milk fever

6.2-6.8

Staggering, paddling cowS on lush pasture- cause

Grass tetany from hypomagnesemia

4-8w calf with septicemia, tx

Salmonella dublin, CULL carriers, vax calves

Pale, icteric, Hgb'uric lactating cows- cause, timing

Hypophosphatemia (post-parturient hemoglobinuria) in first month of lactation (P <2= hemolysis)

What type of ulcer is a bleeding ulcer, tx

Type II abomasal: 4-8 L fresh whole blood

Right side monotone ping from 9-13th rib

Abomasal voluvulus

Variable pitch ping on left between 10th-13th

LDA

Risk factor- LDA

Recently fresh - first four weeks

Most common site of intuss, tx

Ileum; R flank sx

Right ping high up from last rib to pelvis, tx

Cecal dilatation +/- torsion, R flank sx

Cause of frothy bloat, tx

Lush legumes, poloxalene orally

Hollow boink on left flank between 9-13 to hip

vagal indigestion (papple!)

Oral ulcers from feed- cause

Bristle grass- sertaria lutescens

Peak lactation time

4-8w post partum

Length of lactation

305d

Dry off period

60d

Goal somatic cell count in milk

<200,000

Contagious mastitis agents

Strep. agalactiae, staph aureus, mycoplasma bovis

Only mastitis org to respond to intramammary infusion tx

Strep agalactiae (G+, obligate mammary pathogen- subclinical but can have high SCC)

Environmental mastitis agents

coliform (e. coli), prototheca, step, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter aeruginosa, arcanobacterium pyogenes, proteus

Shipping fever agent, necropsy findings

Mannheimia hemolytica, fibrinopurulent pleuropneumonia

3-8w calf with Loud cough, cranioventral consolidation with crackles/wheezes/harsh sounds with NO sepsis, depression, decreased appetite

Enzootic pneumonia- pasteurella multocida

Effect of ruptured peronius tertius

Able to extend hock and flex stifle at same time

Swollen hot painful udder with serum like secretions with fibrin clumps

Coliform mastitis

Cause of flying scapula

serratus ventralis rupture

Agent in mastitis with fibrosis of glandular tissue, tx

Mycoplasma bovis, cull

Dx/Tx 3w-1yr calf unable to walk, get up, no trauma

Spastic paresis- hock cant flex d/t gastroc tension; tibial neurectomy or gastroc tenectomy

Non-progressive general rigidity after sensory stimulation- dz, cause

Myotonia congenital- Cl channel affected

Cause of secondary copper deficiency, tx, dx

High molybdenum in sagebrush, alkaline environment, copper 5x molybdenum- liver biopsy

Cause of acromotrichia

dilute coat d/t tyrosinase dysfunction in copper deficiency

Feedlot animal with convulsions, bilateral blindness

Vitamin A deficiency

Dx cause of white muscle dz

selenium deficiency- measure glutathione peroxidase- will be low

Zoo form of BSE

Cruzfelt Jakob

Vector of pinkeye

Musca autumnalis- face fly

Immunoglobin that predominates in bovine colostrum, refractometer reading indicated FOPT

IgG (< 4.5g/dL)

Tx clockwise uterine torsion

push forwards on vagina and roll cow clockwise

White plaques on vagina- dz, agent

Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis- herpesvirus

Most common endometritis agent

arcanobacter pyogenes (less: p. multocida, p. aeruginosa, e. coli) THINK PYO

Findings of anthrax-

Orificial bleeding, no rigor mortis, dark, unclotting blood

BVD- gestational timing of abortion, congenital defects, PI

Abortion- 50-100d Congenital- 100-150d PI- 40-125d

Dx calf diarrhea <6d

Sepsis

When does calf suckle

2-20m

When does calf stand

1-3 h

When does calf nurse

1-4h

Colostrum requirements

4L w/in 2h

BVD vax timing

pre breed, maternal waning

Milk pathogens

m. avium psTB, salm, mycoplasma, listeria, campylobacter, m. bovis, e. coli, staph, strep (MMMCLESS)

Agent, pathogenesis of mucosal dz

BVD PI conversion from NCP to CP type

Features of MCF that are NOT found in BVD

LN'opathy, corneal edema

Features of BPS that are NOT found in BVD

No diarrhea

Vector- VS

black fly (culicoides sonorensis), midges

VS lesion locations, other CS

mouth/teat/coronary band; mastitis, decreased milk, lameness, abortion

VS agent

Rhabdovirus (think: tongue is muscle- rhabdo) NJ and Indiana forms

Johne's agent

Mycobacterium avium pTB