Birds Flashcards
Cause of achromatosis
Nutritional low choline, lyseine, riboflavin)= white feathers
Swollen, distended neck
Ruptured cerviacl air sac
Place IO catheter
Ulna, tibiotarsus
Where do you cut when you trim wings
Rachis- shaft/axis of feather- (think rachis/axis
Aptera
Featherless tract for venipuncture (one on neck for jugular)
Rhamphotheca
Keratin sheath on beak
Choana
slit in top of mouth connecting nasal and oral ssytem
Where is esophagus
RIGHT side- tube feed here
Sex chromosomes, eclectus parrot colors
Male: ZZ; Female: ZW (eclectus parrot- male green, female red)
Safe blood draw amount
1% (100g bird, 1 mL blood)
What food causes myocardial necrosis in parrots
Avocado
SQ fluids
Groin skin fold, between shoulders
Liver- specific values
AST (also mm, check CK), bile acids
Psittacine normal poop
2/3 G+ cocci, 1/3 G+ rod, 200/hpf bacteria, no WBC, few yeast (changes = immunosuppression/infection)
All seed diet deficiencies
Calcium, vitamin A
Yellow mass on wing tip or breast
Xanthoma- like a lipoma (lipid, cholesterol clefts)
Species- xanthoma
Cockatiels, cockatoos, budgies (think house birds, like lipoma is common in dogs)
Baby bird with respiratory distress; dx, tx
hepatic lipidosis from PB or oil in diet- cooling, oxygen
Cloacal prolapse with fleshy pink proliferations; tx
Cloacal papilloma- can dx bc blanch white with acetic acid solution; sx removal or chem cautery
Cloacal papilloma breeds
Amazon Macaw
3 CS renal adenocarc
unlateral ischiatic nerve compresssion lameness, weight loss, PD
Decreased appetite, fluffed on bottom of cage, vent with red tissue
HypoCa
Cause, CS of goiter
Thyroid hyperplasia iodine deficiency- voice change, stertor, regurge, right jugular engorgement
CS- Macaw wasting dz
enlarged proventriculus, passing undigested seeds, nervous signs (ataxia, weird head movements), chronic weight loss
Resp signs and white papules in oral cavity of Amazon
HypoVitA (ddx white oral plaques- candida, pox, trichomonas, capillaria, papillomatosis)
Common sequelae of renal dz, tx
Synovial gout shifting leg lameness d/t uric acid crystalization in synovium- Tx with allopurinol, low protein diet
CS, etio of hemosiderosis
Iron accumulation –> poor feathering, overgrown beak
Tx egg binding
Ca supplementation, warm/dark environment, oxytocin, lube
Cause of Macaw wasting dz
ABV proventricular dilation
Cause of proventricular dilation
Avian Borna Virus (ABV) (think proV= virus) neurotropic virus
Fluffed feathers, anorexia, dyspnea, coelomic distension
Egg yolk peritonitis-
Species NOT affected by aspergillosis unless stressed; common species, Tx
Psittacines (common: raptors, penguins, waterfowl); amphoteracin B or -azoles
Cause of cockatiel pulling feathers
giardia
Etio- pacheco’s dz, CS
Herpes- acute, fata liver necrosis
Reportable bird dz
Chlamydophila psittaci (parrot fever)- zoonotic
Three causes of fluffed feathers
HypoCa, egg yolk peritonitis, pacheco’s dz (herpes)
CS, path findings- mycobacterium avium
Chronic weight loss (tuberculosis, zoo)- enlarged liver with diffuse white nodules, granulomatous inflammation, acid-fast bacilli
Tx tuberculosis
Azithromycin
Lime green urates, respiratory effort, anorexia: Dx, Tx
Chlamydophila psittici (parrot fever- zoo, report) - Doxy for 45 d (fever, sore throat, tight chest in human)
What should always be ruled out with beak abnormalities
Liver failure
Yellow diarrhea and sudden death
Pacheco’s dz- herpes
Histo- pacheco’s dz
Herpes- eosinophil intranuclear inclusion bodies in spleen and liver
Honey comb beak
Cnemidocoptes
Tx candidiasis
Nystatin or azoles, vitamin A supplement (in chickens: copper sulfate in water, nystatin in feed)
Bright red droppings, PUPD
lead toxicosis- chewing windowsil
Which mites in chickens should be treated via environment? on bird?
Env: common red mite (dermanyssus gallinae); Bird: northern fowl mite (ornithonyssus bursae) (THINK: ornithologists live north)
White caseous lesions in oral cavity of birds, name species common
Trichomoniasis: falcon, pigeon, raptor
Cause of chicken egg-drop syndrome
Adenovirus
Cause of lymphoma in chicken, CS
Reticuloendotheliosis retrovirus; runting (weight loss, poor feather, thymus/bursal atrophy, tumors anywhere)
Cause of nutritional encephalomalacia in chickens, other CS, signalment
Vit E deficiency: exudative diathesis, mypoathy; 15-30d chick
What does choline deficiency cause in turkeys
thick bowed legs, stunting, poor feather, chondrodysplasia (d/t high requirement)
Liver dz poop color
green
