Birds

Question 1

Cause of achromatosis

Answer 1

Nutritional low choline, lyseine, riboflavin)= white feathers

Question 2

Swollen, distended neck

Answer 2

Ruptured cerviacl air sac

Question 3

Place IO catheter

Answer 3

Ulna, tibiotarsus

Question 4

Where do you cut when you trim wings

Answer 4

Rachis- shaft/axis of feather- (think rachis/axis

Question 5

Aptera

Answer 5

Featherless tract for venipuncture (one on neck for jugular)

Question 6

Rhamphotheca

Answer 6

Keratin sheath on beak

Question 7

Choana

Answer 7

slit in top of mouth connecting nasal and oral ssytem

Question 8

Where is esophagus

Answer 8

RIGHT side- tube feed here

Question 9

Sex chromosomes, eclectus parrot colors

Answer 9

Male: ZZ; Female: ZW (eclectus parrot- male green, female red)

Question 10

Safe blood draw amount

Answer 10

1% (100g bird, 1 mL blood)

Question 11

What food causes myocardial necrosis in parrots

Answer 11

Avocado

Question 12

SQ fluids

Answer 12

Groin skin fold, between shoulders

Question 13

Liver- specific values

Answer 13

AST (also mm, check CK), bile acids

Question 14

Psittacine normal poop

Answer 14

2/3 G+ cocci, 1/3 G+ rod, 200/hpf bacteria, no WBC, few yeast (changes = immunosuppression/infection)

Question 15

All seed diet deficiencies

Answer 15

Calcium, vitamin A

Question 16

Yellow mass on wing tip or breast

Answer 16

Xanthoma- like a lipoma (lipid, cholesterol clefts)

Question 17

Species- xanthoma

Answer 17

Cockatiels, cockatoos, budgies (think house birds, like lipoma is common in dogs)

Question 18

Baby bird with respiratory distress; dx, tx

Answer 18

hepatic lipidosis from PB or oil in diet- cooling, oxygen

Question 19

Cloacal prolapse with fleshy pink proliferations; tx

Answer 19

Cloacal papilloma- can dx bc blanch white with acetic acid solution; sx removal or chem cautery

Question 20

Cloacal papilloma breeds

Answer 20

Amazon Macaw

Question 21

3 CS renal adenocarc

Answer 21

unlateral ischiatic nerve compresssion lameness, weight loss, PD

Question 22

Decreased appetite, fluffed on bottom of cage, vent with red tissue

Answer 22

HypoCa

Question 23

Cause, CS of goiter

Answer 23

Thyroid hyperplasia iodine deficiency- voice change, stertor, regurge, right jugular engorgement

Question 24

CS- Macaw wasting dz

Answer 24

enlarged proventriculus, passing undigested seeds, nervous signs (ataxia, weird head movements), chronic weight loss

Question 25

Resp signs and white papules in oral cavity of Amazon

Answer 25

HypoVitA (ddx white oral plaques- candida, pox, trichomonas, capillaria, papillomatosis)

Question 26

Common sequelae of renal dz, tx

Answer 26

Synovial gout shifting leg lameness d/t uric acid crystalization in synovium- Tx with allopurinol, low protein diet

Question 27

CS, etio of hemosiderosis

Answer 27

Iron accumulation --> poor feathering, overgrown beak

Question 28

Tx egg binding

Answer 28

Ca supplementation, warm/dark environment, oxytocin, lube

Question 29

Cause of Macaw wasting dz

Answer 29

ABV proventricular dilation

Question 30

Cause of proventricular dilation

Answer 30

Avian Borna Virus (ABV) (think proV= virus) neurotropic virus

Question 31

Fluffed feathers, anorexia, dyspnea, coelomic distension

Answer 31

Egg yolk peritonitis-

Question 32

Species NOT affected by aspergillosis unless stressed; common species, Tx

Answer 32

Psittacines (common: raptors, penguins, waterfowl); amphoteracin B or -azoles

Question 33

Cause of cockatiel pulling feathers

Answer 33

giardia

Question 34

Etio- pacheco's dz, CS

Answer 34

Herpes- acute, fata liver necrosis

Question 35

Reportable bird dz

Answer 35

Chlamydophila psittaci (parrot fever)- zoonotic

Question 36

Three causes of fluffed feathers

Answer 36

HypoCa, egg yolk peritonitis, pacheco's dz (herpes)

Question 37

CS, path findings- mycobacterium avium

Answer 37

Chronic weight loss (tuberculosis, zoo)- enlarged liver with diffuse white nodules, granulomatous inflammation, acid-fast bacilli

Question 38

Tx tuberculosis

Answer 38

Azithromycin

Question 39

Lime green urates, respiratory effort, anorexia: Dx, Tx

Answer 39

Chlamydophila psittici (parrot fever- zoo, report) - Doxy for 45 d (fever, sore throat, tight chest in human)

Question 40

What should always be ruled out with beak abnormalities

Answer 40

Liver failure

Question 41

Yellow diarrhea and sudden death

Answer 41

Pacheco's dz- herpes

Question 42

Histo- pacheco's dz

Answer 42

Herpes- eosinophil intranuclear inclusion bodies in spleen and liver

Question 43

Honey comb beak

Answer 43

Cnemidocoptes

Question 44

Tx candidiasis

Answer 44

Nystatin or azoles, vitamin A supplement (in chickens: copper sulfate in water, nystatin in feed)

Question 45

Bright red droppings, PUPD

Answer 45

lead toxicosis- chewing windowsil

Question 46

Which mites in chickens should be treated via environment? on bird?

Answer 46

Env: common red mite (dermanyssus gallinae); Bird: northern fowl mite (ornithonyssus bursae) (THINK: ornithologists live north)

Question 47

White caseous lesions in oral cavity of birds, name species common

Answer 47

Trichomoniasis: falcon, pigeon, raptor

Question 48

Cause of chicken egg-drop syndrome

Answer 48

Adenovirus

Question 49

Cause of lymphoma in chicken, CS

Answer 49

Reticuloendotheliosis retrovirus; runting (weight loss, poor feather, thymus/bursal atrophy, tumors anywhere)

Question 50

Cause of nutritional encephalomalacia in chickens, other CS, signalment

Answer 50

Vit E deficiency: exudative diathesis, mypoathy; 15-30d chick

Question 51

What does choline deficiency cause in turkeys

Answer 51

thick bowed legs, stunting, poor feather, chondrodysplasia (d/t high requirement)

Question 52

Liver dz poop color

Answer 52

green