Covalent Bonding Flashcards
What is covalent bonding?
Covalent bonding involves sharing electrons between non-metal atoms.
How many covalent bonds does one pair of shared electrons create?
1 pair of shared electrons gives 1 covalent bond.
Example: H2
How many covalent bonds does two pairs of shared electrons create?
2 pairs of shared electrons give 2 covalent bonds.
Example: The double bond in O2
What is the attraction in covalent bonding?
There is a strong attraction between bonding electrons and the nuclei of both atoms.
What type of bond is formed in hydrogen (H2)?
A single bond is formed between hydrogen atoms.
Example: H—H
How many single bonds are in methane (CH4)?
Methane contains 4 single C-H bonds.
What type of bond is present in oxygen (O2)?
Oxygen molecules contain a double bond.
Example: O=O
What are the two types of covalent compounds?
The two types are simple covalent molecules and giant covalent structures.
Give examples of simple covalent molecules.
Examples include Cl2, O2, H2O, and CO2.
What are the characteristics of simple covalent molecules?
They have weak intermolecular forces of attraction, low melting and boiling points, and are often gases or liquids at room temperature.
Why does water have a higher boiling point than methane?
Water has stronger intermolecular bonds than methane, requiring more energy to break them.
What are the properties of giant covalent substances?
They have high melting and boiling points, are very hard, and cannot conduct electricity.
What is the structure of diamond?
Each carbon atom in diamond is attached to 4 other carbon atoms by strong covalent bonds, forming a giant 3D network.
Why is diamond hard?
It has strong covalent bonds that hold the atoms in a** rigid lattice structure**
Does diamond conduct electricity?
No. Because it has no free ions/ delocalised electrons to move and carry charge
