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Medical Scribe > Course 2 > Flashcards

Course 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Etiology for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?

A

Narrowing of arteries which causes angina (chest pain) and Ischemia (lack of blood).

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2
Q

How is CAD diagnosed?

A

Cardiac Catheterization

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3
Q

CAD can be improved with the use of ?

A

NTG and ASA

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4
Q

Who is at greater risk for CAD?

A

MI

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5
Q

Pt. with a PMhx of angina. CABG, Angioplasty and Cardic stent is at risk for?

A

CAD

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6
Q

What is the etiology of MI?

A

Blockage of the coronary arteries resulting in ischemia and infarct (death of heart muscles)

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of MI?

A

Diaphoresis (sweating), N/V and SOB

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8
Q

People with a history of CAD, a smoker and over the age of 55 yrs can develop what?

A

MI

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9
Q

How is STEMI MI diagnosed?

A

It is diagnosed using an EKG because we can see the St-elevation from base.

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10
Q

How is NON-STEMI MI diagnosed?

A

Using Troponin, which is used to test the levels of Troponin in the blood during a MI.

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11
Q

What does CHF stand for?

A

Congestive Heart Failure

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12
Q

What is the etiology for CHF?

A

Enlarged heart caused by the congestion of excess fluid. The heart has problem pumping blood to other parts of the body.

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13
Q

What are the major symptoms of CHF?

A

Pedal edema (Bilateral swelling in the legs), Orthopnea (SOB when lying down), Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) waking up grasping for air.

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14
Q

How is CHF diagnosed?

A

CXR and BNP (elevated levels indicate CHF)

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15
Q

What is the etiology for Atrial Fibrillation (Afib)?

A

This is the electrical abnormality of the top atria of the heart.

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16
Q

Symptoms of Afib includes irregularly irregular rhythm or Tachycardia. Why is this?

A

Due to the irregular electrical wiring of the heart, blood isnt being pumped through the heart effectively which causes the heart to beat even faster to get blood through.

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17
Q

T/F Afib can produce blood clots?

A

True

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18
Q

How is Afib treated?

A

Coumadin is a blood thinner used to treat the blood cloths formed by Afib. Digoxin is used to manage chronic Afib

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19
Q

What is used to diagnose Afib?

A

EKG (ECG0

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20
Q

What is the etiology of Pulmonary Embolism ?

A

Blood clot in the pulmonary artery that blocks blood flow to the lungs.

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21
Q

What can cause PE?

A

Immobility, pregnancy, birth, DVT, smoking. etc.

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of PE?

A

Tachycardia, pleuritic chest pain and hypoxia (reduced oxygen to lung).

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23
Q

What equipments do we use to diagnose PE?

A

CTA Chest (CT chest w/ IV contrast) or VQ scan D-dimer (not great for locating the PE)

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24
Q

What is the cause of PNA?

A

Bacterial Infection and Inflammation inside the lungs

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25
Q

How is PNA diagnosed?

A

CXR

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26
Q

How is PNA treated?

A

Antibiotics based on the type of bacteria

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27
Q

What is the cause of Pneumothorax (PTX)?

A

Collapsed lung due to trauma or rupture lung

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28
Q

T/F SOB and Onesided chest pain is commonly found in trauma PT. with PTX.

A

T

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29
Q

What is the etiology of COPD?

A

Long-term damage to the lung’s alveoli.

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30
Q

How is COPD diagnosed?

A

CXR and Hx of smoking.

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31
Q

what is asthma diagnosed as in the hospital?

A

Reactive Airway Disease

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32
Q

How is asthma treated?

A

clinically

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33
Q

What is the etiology of CVA?

A

Blockage of an artery resulting in lack of blood flowing to the brain.

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34
Q

What the symptoms of CVA?

A

Unilateral Focal Neurological Deficits, one-sided numbness or change in vision of speech.

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35
Q

How is CVA treated?

A

normally diagnosed clinically and can be treated with tPA (which can bust up every and all clot)…can be dangerous.

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36
Q

What causes TIA?

A

Can be caused by stress which causes vasoconstriction prevent oxygen from getting to the brain temporarily.

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37
Q

What are the symptoms of TIA?

A

Transient Focal Neurological Deficits such as changes in speech vision, numbness etc. Generally goes away after an hour

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38
Q

How is TIA diagnosed?

A

Clinically

39
Q

What is the cause of Hemorrhagic CVA?

A

Traumatic rupturing of blood vessels in the brain.

40
Q

What is the symptom of Hemorrhagic CVA?

A

Thunderclap Headache due the excess blood in the brain.

41
Q

How is Hemorrhagic CVA diagnosed?

A

CT head scan or LP (Lumbar Puncture)

42
Q

What is the etiology for Meningitis?

A

Inflammation or infection of the meninges sac surrounding the spinal cord and the brain.

43
Q

What are the symptoms of Meningitis?

A

Headache, neck pain, Altered mental status and photophobia.

44
Q

How is Meningitis diagnosed?

A

Lumbar puncture (LP)

45
Q

What causes spinal cord injuries ?

A

Trauma to the spinal cord that results in the reduce use of inability to use extremities beyond point of injury.

46
Q

What are the symptoms of spinal cord injury?

A

decreased rectal tone, and numbness of bilateral extremities.

47
Q

How is spinal cord injuries diagnosed?

A

CT cervical spine, Ct Thoracic spine and CT Lumbar Spine

48
Q

What are some of the causes of Seizure (SZ)?

A

Epilepsy, ETOH withdrawals or febrile (Fever) seizure in pediatric pt.

49
Q

List your general knowledge about PNA

A

PNA= Pneumonia = bacterial infection = antibiotics

  • Productive cough with fever & SOB
  • Dx with a CXR
  • Risk = elderly, been ridden Pt., those with recent injury/ surgery
50
Q

List your general knowledge about PTX

A

PTX= Pneumothrox= Trauma

  • the unilateral collapse of one lung
  • sudden onset.
  • Unilateral chest pain and SOB
  • CXR
51
Q

List your general knowledge about Asthma

A
  • Dx as reactive airway disease in the ED
  • Wheezing and SOB
  • Breathing treatment = nebulizer and inhaler
  • Dx= clinically
52
Q

List your general knowledge about Afib

A

Afib= Arital Fibrillation

  • Electrical problem of the heart = EKG
  • Tachycardia, fast pounding irregular irregularly rhythm
  • Risk: Hx of Afib
  • treated with coumadin (blood thinner)
53
Q

What is Afib treated with?

A

Coumadin

54
Q

How is Afib diagnosed?

A

EKG

55
Q

List your general knowledge about CAD

A

CAD= Coronary Artery Disease = clot blockage in the heart
-Chest pain w/ exertion
- Acetylsalicylic acid & NTG
- Dx= Cardiac Catheterization
Risk: Angioplasty, Cardiac stent, CABG, angina, MI

56
Q

LIst your general knowledge about Ischemic Cerebrovascular Accident

A
  • Stroke
  • clot causing Lack of blood flow to a region of the brain
  • unilateral Focal Neurological Deficits, Impairment of speech and vision, unilateral numbness/weakness
  • Dx= clinically
  • Treated with tPA
57
Q

who is at risk for an ischemic cerebrovascular accident?

A

those with

-HTN, HLD, Hx TIA/CVA, smoking, Fhx CVA

58
Q

List your general knowledge about Hemorrahegic CVA

A

-Trauma induced
-Thunderclap Headache, unilateral FND, AMS, impairment of vision and speech
-CT head or LP (lumbar puncture)
-

59
Q

List your general knowledge about PE.

A

PE= pulmonary embolism

  • A clot in the lung
  • pleuritic chest pain
  • Tachycardia
  • hypoxia (reduce oxygen flow)
  • Dx- CTA chest (CT chest with IV contrast dye)
  • risk= DVT, PE, immobility, pregnancy, BCP, smoking
60
Q

How is PE diagnosed?

A

CT chest with IV contrast

61
Q

Whose at risk for PE?

A

Hx DVT/PE

-immobility, pregnancy, BCP, smoking

62
Q

what are the symptoms of PE?

A

pleuritic chest pain

  • Tachycardia
  • hypoxia (reduce oxygen flow)
63
Q

List your general knowledge about COPD

A

COPD= Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Sx= decreased breathing sounds and wheezing
-Dx= CXR & Hx of smoking
Smokers are at risk

64
Q

What are the symptoms of COPD?

A

Sx= decreased breathing sounds and wheezing

65
Q

How is COPD Dx?

A

Dx= CXR & Hx of smoking

66
Q

List your general knowledge about MI?

A

MI= Myocardial Infraction = Heart Attack
-Sx= chest pain/chest pessure with diaphoresis, N/V & SOB
-Dx= EKG (STEMI), Troponin (Non-STEMI)
-Risk= CAD, HTN, HLD, DM, Smokers, FHx of CAD < 55 years
Treated with Acetlysalicylic Acid & NTG

67
Q

List your knowledge about TIA

A

Transient Ischemic Attack= mini-stroke that lasts 1 hour

  • Transient unilateral FND
  • Dx= clinically
68
Q

List your general knowledge of vertigo

A

-Sx room spinning, disequilibrium, feeling off balance
Assoc Sx= N/V tinnitus (ear ringing), Nystagmus (rapid fluttering of the eyes).
Dx : clinically

69
Q

List knowledge of Syncope

A

-passing out

Cause= low blood volume and vasovagal (passing out)

70
Q

List knowledge of AMS

A

AMS= Altered Mental Status

  • confusion, decreased responsiveness/unresponsive
  • Dx: case dependent
  • Risk: drug users, ETOH users, diabetic, elderly
71
Q

T/F demented Pt. can experience AMS due to UTI.

A

T

72
Q

List your know about headache

A
  • gradual onset, pressure throbbing

- could be caused by migraines or HTN

73
Q

what is the medical terminology for a headache?

A

Cephalgia

74
Q

List your knowledge for Belly’s palsy

A
  • drooping of one-side of the face due to an infection in the facial nerve
    —–Sudden onset
    Assoc Sx: increased tear flow in one eye, jaw or ear pain
    –Dx: clinically
75
Q

list your knowledge about Seizure

A

-abnormal electrical activity
caused by epilepsy, etoh withdrawal or febrile seizures in children
Sx: syncope, tongue bites, confusion and headaches
incontinence

76
Q

Define Postictal and when it generally occurs

A
  • The feeling of wanted to sleep after a seizure
77
Q

Define incontinence

A

Pooping and peeing during a seizure

78
Q

List your knowledge about spinal cord injuries

A
  • trauma-induced, results in the weakness/numbness of extremities.
  • injury can occur at the
  • —–cervical spinal point
  • —–thoracic spine
  • —–lumbar spine
  • ———–all these areas undergo CT for proper diagnosis
79
Q

List knowledge about Appy

A 
APPY= appendicitis 
-Inflammation of the appendix 
- located RLQ
-Sx: RLQ pain, gradual onset, then constant worsen pain with movement
-Assoc sx: fever, loss of appetite, N/V
Dx: CT A/P with Po contrast
80
Q

How is APPY diagnosed

A

CT A/P with PO contrast

81
Q

List knowledge about SBO

A

SBO= Small Bowel Obstruction
-Sx: Pain in the periumbilical area, Vomiting and constipation
-Assoc sx: no bowel movements, bloating and abd distention
Dx: CT A/P with PO contrast

82
Q

How is SBO DX?

A

CT A?P with PO contrast

83
Q

List Knowledge about gallstone

A

Gallstone= cholecystitis or cholelithiasis
-Sx: Pain in the RUQ after eating fatty foods
Dx with US of abd

84
Q

Which illness produces pain in the RUQ after consuming Fatty foods?

A

Cholecystitis

85
Q

List Knowledge about GI bleed

A

Sx:
-Hematemesis (bright blood, vomiting blood)

  • Coffee ground emesis (Dark and lower)
  • Hematochezia ( bright lower bleeding)
  • Melena (dark tary stool, upper)

Dx: Heme positive stool

86
Q

What s the medical terminology for coughing up blood

A

Hemoptysis

87
Q

List Knowledge Diverticulitis

A

-Sx:
—-Pain in the LLQ abd
—Nausea, fever and diarrhea
Dx: Ct A/P with PO contrast

88
Q

How is Diverticulitis Dx?

A

CT A/P with PO contrast Dye

89
Q

List knowledge of pancreatitis

A
  • pain in the left upper quadrant and epigastric area
    -Assoc sx: N/V
    Dx: lipase
90
Q

How is pancreatitis Dx?

A

lipase

91
Q

List knowledge of Diabetic Ketoacidosis

A

Risk: Type I and Type II Diabetes
CC: vomiting with a Hx od DM
Sx: Polydipsia, polyuria
PE: Dry mucous membrane, Ketoic odor, tachypnea

92
Q

What is the medical terminology for increased thirst?

A

polydipsia

93
Q

What is the medical terminology for increased urination?

A

Polyuria

94
Q

What is the medical terminology for bright blood in fecal matter?

A

Hematochezia

Medical Scribe (9 decks)

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