Cours 1 Flashcards
Que signifie le mot Pharmakon
remède et à la fois poison
Qu’est ce que la pharmacologie étudie ?
les effets bénéfiques et recherchés des médicaments ainsi que leurs effets secondaires et indésirables
Quelle est la différence entre la pharmocodynamie et la pharmacocinétique ?
La pharmocodynamie = comment le médicament agit sur le vivant
Contrairement à la pharmacocinétique qui s’agit de comment le vivant agit sur la molécule
Quels sont les domaines d’étude de la pharmacologie
L’être humain
Animaux
Environnement
Qui a écrit cette phrase célèbre et vers quel siècle ?
« Tout est poison, rien n’est sans poison, ce qui fait le poison c’est la dose.»
Paracelse au 16ème siècle
faire un ordre chronologique de l’essor de la chimie ainsi que le rôle de ces dites molécule
1804: morphine =
1817: Émeline =
1819: strychnine =
1820: quinine =
1829: salicine =
1932: codéine =
1833: atrophine=
1867: digitaline =
1867: cocaïne
1884: colchicine =
1804: morphine (anti-douleur)
1817: Émeline (vomitif)
1819: strychnine (extermination ras)
1820: quinine (arthrite)
1829: salicine (mène à l’aspirine)
1932: codéine (douleur)
1833: atrophine (cardiovasculaire et délation pupille)
1867: digitaline (insuffisance cardiovasculaire)
1867: cocaïne
1884: colchicine (goutte)
Rudolf Buchheim a introduit les bioessais, qu’est ce que c’est ?
Il s’agit d’une méthodologie pour déterminer les aspects quantitatifs et médicaux des substances chimiques.
Qu’est ce que la novocaïne (1901)
Novocain is a local anesthetic. Novocain causes loss of feeling (numbness) of skin and mucous membranes.
Novocain is used as an injection during surgery and other medical and dental procedures.
Qu’est ce que la chloroquine et l’hydroxyxhloroquine, deux antipaludéens de synthèse (1927)
Les deux substances sont utilisé pour traiter la malaria.
Qu’est ce que les sulfamides (1935)
Sulfamide = antibiotique contre les bactéries à gras positive et négative
Qu’est ce que les pénicilline (1941)
Antibiotique
Isioniazide (1951)
antibiotic used to treat and to prevent tuberculosis (TB).
Methotrexate (1964)
Methotrexate interferes with the growth of certain cells of the body, especially cells that reproduce quickly, such as cancer cells, bone marrow cells, and skin cells.
Methotrexate is used to treat leukemia and certain types of cancer of the breast, skin, head and neck, lung, or uterus.
Methotrexate is also used to treat severe psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis in adults.
Propranolol (1964)
Propranolol is a beta-blocker. Beta-blockers affect the heart and circulation (blood flow through arteries and veins).
Propranolol is used to treat tremors, angina (chest pain), hypertension (high blood pressure), heart rhythm disorders, and other heart or circulatory conditions. It is also used to treat or prevent heart attack, and to reduce the severity and frequency of migraine headaches.
Vérapamil (1974)
Verapamil belongs to a class of medications called calcium-channel blockers. It works by relaxing the muscles of your heart and blood vessels so the heart does not have to pump as hard. Verapamil also increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart and slows electrical activity in the heart to control the heart rate.
Verapamil is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), and certain heart rhythm disorders.
captopril (1983)
Captopril is used in adults alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and congestive heart failure.
Captopril is also used to improve survival and reduce the risk of heart failure after a heart attack in patients with a heart condition called left ventricular hypertrophy.
Tx: kidney disease and retinopathy
Lovastatine (1987)
Lovastatin is used together with diet to lower blood levels of LDL, to increase levels of HDL, and to lower triglycerides.
Prevent risk of stroke, heart attack, and other
Furosémide (1965)
Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, liver disease, or a kidney disorder such as nephrotic syndrome. Furosemide is also used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).
Furosemide works by increasing the amount of urine the body makes, which helps reduce swelling and symptoms of fluid retention and helps lower high blood pressure.
Lithium (1949)
Lithium affects the flow of sodium through nerve and muscle cells in the body. Sodium affects excitation or mania.
Lithium a mood stabilizer that is a used to treat or control the manic episodes of bipolar disorder (manic depression). Manic symptoms include hyperactivity, rushed speech, poor judgment, reduced need for sleep, aggression, and anger.
Paracetamol (1951)
Paracetamol (Panadol, Calpol, Alvedon) is an analgesic and antipyretic drug that is used to temporarily relieve mild-to-moderate pain and fever. It is commonly included as an ingredient in cold and flu medications and is also used on its own.
Paracetamol is exactly the same drug as acetaminophen (Tylenol).
Halopéridol (1958)
Haloperidol is an antipsychotic medicine that is used to treat schizophrenia.
Haloperidol is also used to control motor and speech tics in people with Tourette’s syndrome.
Diazepam (1963)
work by enhancing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.
Diazepam is used to treat anxiety disorders, or alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
Salbutamol (1971)
Salbutamol (albuterol) is a medication used to relax and open up your airways. It is used to relieve wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and breathlessness in people with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Bronchodilatateur
cimétidine (1972)
antisécrétoire gastrique
